taxonom2.miz



    begin

    reserve A for RelStr;

    reserve X for non empty set;

    reserve PX,PY,PZ,Y,a,b,c,x,y for set;

    reserve S1,S2 for Subset of Y;

    definition

      let A;

      :: TAXONOM2:def1

      attr A is with_superior means ex x be Element of A st x is_superior_of the InternalRel of A;

    end

    definition

      let A;

      :: TAXONOM2:def2

      attr A is with_comparable_down means

      : Def2: for x,y be Element of A holds (ex z be Element of A st z <= x & z <= y) implies (x <= y or y <= x);

    end

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:1

    

     Th1: for a be set holds ( InclPoset { {a}}) is non empty reflexive transitive antisymmetric with_superior with_comparable_down

    proof

      let a be set;

      set A = { {a}};

      set R9 = ( RelIncl A);

      reconsider R = R9 as Relation of A;

      set L = RelStr (# A, R #);

      

       A1: L is with_superior

      proof

        set max1 = {a};

        reconsider max9 = max1 as Element of L by TARSKI:def 1;

        take max9;

        

         A2: for y be set st y in ( field R) & y <> max9 holds [y, max9] in R

        proof

          let y be set such that

           A3: y in ( field R) and

           A4: y <> max9;

          ( field R) c= (A \/ A) by RELSET_1: 8;

          hence thesis by A3, A4, TARSKI:def 1;

        end;

         [max9, max9] in R by WELLORD2:def 1;

        then max9 in ( field R) by RELAT_1: 15;

        hence thesis by A2, ORDERS_1:def 14;

      end;

      

       A5: for x,y be Element of L holds (ex z be Element of L st z <= x & z <= y) implies x <= y or y <= x

      proof

        let x,y be Element of L;

        assume ex z be Element of L st z <= x & z <= y;

        

         A6: y = {a} by TARSKI:def 1;

        x = {a} by TARSKI:def 1;

        then [x, y] in R by A6, WELLORD2:def 1;

        hence thesis by ORDERS_2:def 5;

      end;

       RelStr (# A, R #) = ( InclPoset A) by YELLOW_1:def 1;

      hence thesis by A1, A5;

    end;

    registration

      cluster non empty reflexive transitive antisymmetric with_superior with_comparable_down strict for RelStr;

      existence

      proof

        take ( InclPoset { { {} }});

        thus thesis by Th1;

      end;

    end

    definition

      mode Tree is with_superior with_comparable_down Poset;

    end

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:2

    for EqR be Equivalence_Relation of X, x,y,z be set holds z in ( Class (EqR,x)) & z in ( Class (EqR,y)) implies ( Class (EqR,x)) = ( Class (EqR,y))

    proof

      let EqR be Equivalence_Relation of X, x,y,z be set;

      assume that

       A1: z in ( Class (EqR,x)) and

       A2: z in ( Class (EqR,y));

      

       A3: [z, y] in EqR by A2, EQREL_1: 19;

       [z, x] in EqR by A1, EQREL_1: 19;

      

      hence ( Class (EqR,x)) = ( Class (EqR,z)) by A1, EQREL_1: 35

      .= ( Class (EqR,y)) by A1, A3, EQREL_1: 35;

    end;

    ::$Canceled

    

     Lm1: for P be a_partition of X, x,y,z be set st x in P & y in P & z in x & z in y holds x = y by EQREL_1: 70;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:4

    

     Th3: for C,x be set st C is Classification of X & x in ( union C) holds x c= X

    proof

      let C,x be set such that

       A1: C is Classification of X and

       A2: x in ( union C);

      consider Y be set such that

       A3: x in Y and

       A4: Y in C by A2, TARSKI:def 4;

      reconsider Y9 = Y as a_partition of X by A1, A4, PARTIT1:def 3;

      let a be object;

      assume a in x;

      then a in ( union Y9) by A3, TARSKI:def 4;

      hence thesis;

    end;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:5

    for C be set st C is Strong_Classification of X holds ( InclPoset ( union C)) is Tree

    proof

      

       A1: X in {X} by TARSKI:def 1;

      

       A2: X in {X} by TARSKI:def 1;

      let C be set such that

       A3: C is Strong_Classification of X;

      

       A4: C is Classification of X by A3, TAXONOM1:def 2;

      set B = ( union C);

      

       A5: {X} in C by A3, TAXONOM1:def 2;

      then

      reconsider B9 = B as non empty set by A2, TARSKI:def 4;

      set R9 = ( RelIncl B);

      reconsider R = R9 as Relation of B;

      set D = RelStr (# B, R #);

       {X} in C by A3, TAXONOM1:def 2;

      then

       A6: B <> {} by A1, TARSKI:def 4;

       A7:

      now

        let x,y be Element of D;

        given z be Element of D such that

         A8: z <= x and

         A9: z <= y;

        reconsider z9 = z as Element of B9;

        reconsider z99 = z9 as Subset of X by A4, Th3;

        consider Z be set such that

         A10: z9 in Z and

         A11: Z in C by TARSKI:def 4;

        reconsider Z9 = Z as a_partition of X by A3, A11, PARTIT1:def 3;

        z99 in Z9 by A10;

        then z99 <> {} by EQREL_1:def 4;

        then

        consider a be object such that

         A12: a in z by XBOOLE_0:def 1;

         [z, y] in R by A9, ORDERS_2:def 5;

        then

         A13: z c= y by A6, WELLORD2:def 1;

        then

         A14: a in y by A12;

        

         A15: C is Classification of X by A3, TAXONOM1:def 2;

        reconsider x9 = x, y9 = y as Element of B9;

        consider S be set such that

         A16: x9 in S and

         A17: S in C by TARSKI:def 4;

        reconsider S9 = S as a_partition of X by A3, A17, PARTIT1:def 3;

        consider T be set such that

         A18: y9 in T and

         A19: T in C by TARSKI:def 4;

        reconsider T9 = T as a_partition of X by A3, A19, PARTIT1:def 3;

         [z, x] in R by A8, ORDERS_2:def 5;

        then

         A20: z c= x by A6, WELLORD2:def 1;

        then

         A21: a in x by A12;

        now

          per cases by A17, A19, A15, TAXONOM1:def 1;

            suppose S9 is_finer_than T9;

            then ex Y be set st Y in T9 & x9 c= Y by A16;

            hence x9 c= y9 or y9 c= x9 by A12, A21, A13, A18, Lm1;

          end;

            suppose T9 is_finer_than S9;

            then ex Y be set st Y in S9 & y9 c= Y by A18;

            hence x9 c= y9 or y9 c= x9 by A12, A20, A14, A16, Lm1;

          end;

        end;

        then [x9, y9] in R or [y9, x9] in R by WELLORD2:def 1;

        hence x <= y or y <= x by ORDERS_2:def 5;

      end;

      

       A22: D is with_superior

      proof

        reconsider C9 = C as Strong_Classification of X by A3;

        reconsider s = X as Element of D by A5, A2, TARSKI:def 4;

        consider x be object such that

         A23: x in ( SmallestPartition X) by XBOOLE_0:def 1;

        ( SmallestPartition X) in C9 by TAXONOM1:def 2;

        then

        reconsider x9 = x as Element of D by A23, TARSKI:def 4;

        take s;

         A24:

        now

          let y be set such that

           A25: y in ( field R) and y <> s;

          

           A26: y in (( dom R) \/ ( rng R)) by A25, RELAT_1:def 6;

          per cases by A26, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

            suppose y in ( dom R);

            then

            reconsider y9 = y as Element of B9;

            y9 c= s by A4, Th3;

            hence [y, s] in R by WELLORD2:def 1;

          end;

            suppose y in ( rng R);

            then

            reconsider y9 = y as Element of B9;

            y9 c= s by A4, Th3;

            hence [y, s] in R by WELLORD2:def 1;

          end;

        end;

         [x9, s] in R by A6, A23, WELLORD2:def 1;

        then s in ( field R) by RELAT_1: 15;

        hence thesis by A24, ORDERS_1:def 14;

      end;

       RelStr (# B, R #) = ( InclPoset B) by YELLOW_1:def 1;

      hence thesis by A22, A7, Def2;

    end;

    begin

    definition

      let Y;

      :: TAXONOM2:def3

      attr Y is hierarchic means for x,y be set st x in Y & y in Y holds (x c= y or y c= x or x misses y);

    end

    registration

      cluster trivial -> hierarchic for set;

      coherence

      proof

        let X be set such that

         A1: X is trivial;

        per cases by A1, ZFMISC_1: 131;

          suppose

           A2: X is empty;

          thus thesis by A2;

        end;

          suppose ex a be object st X = {a};

          then

          consider a be object such that

           A3: X = {a};

          X is hierarchic

          proof

            let x,y be set such that

             A4: x in X and

             A5: y in X;

            x = a by A3, A4, TARSKI:def 1;

            hence thesis by A3, A5, TARSKI:def 1;

          end;

          hence thesis;

        end;

      end;

    end

    registration

      cluster non trivial hierarchic for set;

      existence

      proof

        set B = the empty set;

        set A = the non empty set;

        consider C be set such that

         A1: C = {A, B};

        

         A2: C is hierarchic

        proof

          let x,y be set such that

           A3: x in C and

           A4: y in C;

          per cases by A1, A3, TARSKI:def 2;

            suppose

             A5: x = A;

            per cases by A1, A4, TARSKI:def 2;

              suppose y = A;

              hence thesis by A5;

            end;

              suppose y = B;

              hence thesis;

            end;

          end;

            suppose x = B;

            hence thesis;

          end;

        end;

        take C;

        now

          assume

           A6: C is trivial;

          per cases by A6, ZFMISC_1: 131;

            suppose C is empty;

            hence contradiction by A1;

          end;

            suppose ex x be object st C = {x};

            hence contradiction by A1, ZFMISC_1: 5;

          end;

        end;

        hence thesis by A2;

      end;

    end

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:6

    

     Th5: {} is hierarchic;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:7

     { {} } is hierarchic

    proof

      let x,y be set such that

       A1: x in { {} } and y in { {} };

      x = {} by A1, TARSKI:def 1;

      hence thesis;

    end;

    definition

      let Y;

      :: TAXONOM2:def4

      mode Hierarchy of Y -> Subset-Family of Y means

      : Def4: it is hierarchic;

      existence

      proof

        set H = {} ;

        reconsider H9 = H as Subset-Family of Y by XBOOLE_1: 2;

        take H9;

        thus thesis;

      end;

    end

    definition

      let Y;

      :: TAXONOM2:def5

      attr Y is mutually-disjoint means

      : Def5: for x,y be set st x in Y & y in Y & x <> y holds x misses y;

    end

     Lm2:

    now

      let x,y be set such that

       A1: x in { {} } and

       A2: y in { {} } and

       A3: x <> y;

      x = {} by A1, TARSKI:def 1;

      hence x misses y by A2, A3, TARSKI:def 1;

    end;

    registration

      let Y;

      cluster mutually-disjoint for Subset-Family of Y;

      existence

      proof

        set e = { {} };

        now

          let x be object;

          reconsider xx = x as set by TARSKI: 1;

          assume x in { {} };

          then x = {} by TARSKI:def 1;

          then xx c= Y;

          hence x in ( bool Y);

        end;

        then

        reconsider e9 = e as Subset-Family of Y by TARSKI:def 3;

        take e9;

        thus thesis by Lm2;

      end;

    end

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:8

     {} is mutually-disjoint;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:9

     { {} } is mutually-disjoint by Lm2;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:10

    

     Th9: {a} is mutually-disjoint

    proof

      let x,y be set such that

       A1: x in {a} and

       A2: y in {a} and

       A3: x <> y;

      x = a by A1, TARSKI:def 1;

      hence thesis by A2, A3, TARSKI:def 1;

    end;

     Lm3:

    now

      let Y;

      let H be Hierarchy of Y such that

       A1: H is covering;

      let B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y such that

       A2: B c= H and

       A3: for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st C c= H & ( union B) c= ( union C) holds B = C;

      Y c= ( union B)

      proof

        let y be object;

        assume y in Y;

        then y in ( union H) by A1, ABIAN: 4;

        then

        consider x be set such that

         A4: y in x and

         A5: x in H by TARSKI:def 4;

        now

          defpred X[ set] means $1 c= x;

          consider D be set such that

           A6: for a be set holds a in D iff a in B & X[a] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

          set C = ((B \ D) \/ {x});

          

           A7: (B \ D) c= C by XBOOLE_1: 7;

          

           A8: {x} c= H by A5, TARSKI:def 1;

          assume

           A9: not y in ( union B);

          

           A10: for p be set st p in B & not p in D & p <> x holds p misses x

          proof

            

             A11: H is hierarchic by Def4;

            let p be set such that

             A12: p in B and

             A13: not p in D and p <> x;

            

             A14: not x c= p by A4, A9, A12, TARSKI:def 4;

             not p c= x by A6, A12, A13;

            hence thesis by A2, A5, A12, A14, A11;

          end;

          

           A15: for p,q be set st p in C & q in C & p <> q holds p misses q

          proof

            let p,q be set such that

             A16: p in C and

             A17: q in C and

             A18: p <> q;

            per cases by A16, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

              suppose

               A19: p in (B \ D);

              then

               A20: not p in D by XBOOLE_0:def 5;

              

               A21: p in B by A19, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

              per cases by A17, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                suppose q in (B \ D);

                then q in B by XBOOLE_0:def 5;

                hence thesis by A18, A21, Def5;

              end;

                suppose q in {x};

                then q = x by TARSKI:def 1;

                hence thesis by A10, A18, A21, A20;

              end;

            end;

              suppose p in {x};

              then

               A22: p = x by TARSKI:def 1;

              per cases by A17, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                suppose

                 A23: q in (B \ D);

                then

                 A24: not q in D by XBOOLE_0:def 5;

                q in B by A23, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

                hence thesis by A10, A18, A22, A24;

              end;

                suppose q in {x};

                hence thesis by A18, A22, TARSKI:def 1;

              end;

            end;

          end;

          x in {x} by TARSKI:def 1;

          then

           A25: x in C by XBOOLE_0:def 3;

          

           A26: ( union B) c= ( union C)

          proof

            let s be object;

            assume s in ( union B);

            then

            consider t be set such that

             A27: s in t and

             A28: t in B by TARSKI:def 4;

            per cases ;

              suppose t in D;

              then t c= x by A6;

              hence thesis by A25, A27, TARSKI:def 4;

            end;

              suppose not t in D;

              then t in (B \ D) by A28, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

              hence thesis by A7, A27, TARSKI:def 4;

            end;

          end;

          

           A29: x in {x} by TARSKI:def 1;

          (B \ D) c= B by XBOOLE_1: 36;

          then

           A30: (B \ D) c= H by A2;

          then C c= H by A8, XBOOLE_1: 8;

          then C is mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y by A15, Def5, XBOOLE_1: 1;

          then

           A31: B = C by A3, A30, A8, A26, XBOOLE_1: 8;

           {x} c= ((B \ D) \/ {x}) by XBOOLE_1: 7;

          hence contradiction by A4, A9, A31, A29, TARSKI:def 4;

        end;

        hence thesis;

      end;

      hence ( union B) = Y by XBOOLE_0:def 10;

    end;

     Lm4:

    now

      let Y;

      let H be Hierarchy of Y;

      let B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y such that

       A1: B c= H and

       A2: for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st C c= H & ( union B) c= ( union C) holds B = C;

      let S1 such that

       A3: S1 in B;

      now

        set C = (B \ { {} });

        assume

         A4: S1 = {} ;

        

         A5: ( union B) c= ( union C)

        proof

          let x be object;

          assume x in ( union B);

          then

          consider y be set such that

           A6: x in y and

           A7: y in B by TARSKI:def 4;

           not y in { {} } by A6, TARSKI:def 1;

          then y in C by A7, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

          hence thesis by A6, TARSKI:def 4;

        end;

        

         A8: C is mutually-disjoint

        proof

          let x,y be set such that

           A9: x in C and

           A10: y in C and

           A11: x <> y;

          

           A12: y in B by A10, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

          x in B by A9, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

          hence thesis by A11, A12, Def5;

        end;

        C c= B by XBOOLE_1: 36;

        then C c= H by A1;

        then B = C by A2, A5, A8;

        then not {} in { {} } by A3, A4, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

        hence contradiction by TARSKI:def 1;

      end;

      hence S1 <> {} ;

    end;

    definition

      let Y;

      let F be Subset-Family of Y;

      :: TAXONOM2:def6

      attr F is T_3 means

      : Def6: for A be Subset of Y st A in F holds for x be Element of Y st not x in A holds ex B be Subset of Y st x in B & B in F & A misses B;

    end

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:11

    for F be Subset-Family of Y st F = {} holds F is T_3;

    registration

      let Y;

      cluster covering T_3 for Hierarchy of Y;

      existence

      proof

        per cases ;

          suppose

           A1: Y <> {} ;

          set H9 = {Y};

          reconsider H = H9 as Subset-Family of Y by ZFMISC_1: 68;

          H is hierarchic

          proof

            let x,y be set such that

             A2: x in H and

             A3: y in H;

            x = Y by A2, TARSKI:def 1;

            hence thesis by A3;

          end;

          then

          reconsider H as Hierarchy of Y by Def4;

          take H;

          ( union H) = Y by ZFMISC_1: 25;

          hence H is covering by ABIAN: 4;

          thus H is T_3

          proof

            let A be Subset of Y;

            assume A in H;

            then

             A4: A = Y by TARSKI:def 1;

            let x be Element of Y;

            assume not x in A;

            hence thesis by A1, A4;

          end;

        end;

          suppose

           A5: Y = {} ;

          set H9 = {} ;

          reconsider H = H9 as Subset-Family of Y by XBOOLE_1: 2;

          reconsider H1 = H as Hierarchy of Y by Def4, Th5;

          take H1;

          thus H1 is covering by A5, ABIAN: 4, ZFMISC_1: 2;

          thus thesis;

        end;

      end;

    end

    definition

      let Y;

      let F be Subset-Family of Y;

      :: TAXONOM2:def7

      attr F is lower-bounded means for B be set st B <> {} & B c= F & B is c=-linear holds ex c st c in F & c c= ( meet B);

    end

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:12

    

     Th11: for B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st for b be set st b in B holds S1 misses b & Y <> {} holds (B \/ {S1}) is mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y & (S1 <> {} implies ( union (B \/ {S1})) <> ( union B))

    proof

      let B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y such that

       A1: for b be set st b in B holds S1 misses b & Y <> {} ;

      set C = (B \/ {S1});

       A2:

      now

        let c1,c2 be set such that

         A3: c1 in C and

         A4: c2 in C and

         A5: c1 <> c2;

        per cases by A3, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

          suppose

           A6: c1 in B;

          per cases by A4, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

            suppose c2 in B;

            hence c1 misses c2 by A5, A6, Def5;

          end;

            suppose c2 in {S1};

            then c2 = S1 by TARSKI:def 1;

            hence c1 misses c2 by A1, A6;

          end;

        end;

          suppose c1 in {S1};

          then

           A7: c1 = S1 by TARSKI:def 1;

          then not c2 in {S1} by A5, TARSKI:def 1;

          then c2 in B by A4, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

          hence c1 misses c2 by A1, A7;

        end;

      end;

       {S1} c= ( bool Y)

      proof

        let p be object;

        assume p in {S1};

        then p = S1 by TARSKI:def 1;

        hence thesis;

      end;

      hence C is mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y by A2, Def5, XBOOLE_1: 8;

      thus S1 <> {} implies ( union C) <> ( union B)

      proof

        assume

         A8: S1 <> {} ;

         not ( union C) c= ( union B)

        proof

          

           A9: {S1} c= C by XBOOLE_1: 7;

          assume

           A10: ( union C) c= ( union B);

          consider p be object such that

           A11: p in S1 by A8, XBOOLE_0:def 1;

          S1 in {S1} by TARSKI:def 1;

          then p in ( union C) by A11, A9, TARSKI:def 4;

          then

          consider S2 be set such that

           A12: p in S2 and

           A13: S2 in B by A10, TARSKI:def 4;

          S1 misses S2 by A1, A13;

          hence contradiction by A11, A12, XBOOLE_0: 3;

        end;

        hence thesis;

      end;

    end;

    definition

      let Y;

      let F be Subset-Family of Y;

      :: TAXONOM2:def8

      attr F is with_max's means for S be Subset of Y st S in F holds ex T be Subset of Y st S c= T & T in F & for V be Subset of Y st T c= V & V in F holds V = Y;

    end

    begin

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:13

    for H be covering Hierarchy of Y st H is with_max's holds ex P be a_partition of Y st P c= H

    proof

      let H be covering Hierarchy of Y such that

       A1: H is with_max's;

      per cases ;

        suppose

         A2: Y = {} ;

        set P9 = {} ;

        reconsider P = P9 as Subset-Family of Y by XBOOLE_1: 2;

        take P;

        thus thesis by A2, EQREL_1: 45;

      end;

        suppose

         A3: Y <> {} ;

        now

          per cases ;

            suppose

             A4: Y in H;

            set P = {Y};

            

             A5: P c= H by A4, TARSKI:def 1;

            P is a_partition of Y by A3, EQREL_1: 39;

            hence thesis by A5;

          end;

            suppose

             A6: not Y in H;

            defpred X[ set] means ex S be Subset of Y st (S in H & S c= $1 & for V be Subset of Y st $1 c= V & V in H holds V = Y);

            consider P9 be set such that

             A7: for T be set holds T in P9 iff T in H & X[T] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

            

             A8: P9 c= H by A7;

            then

            reconsider P = P9 as Subset-Family of Y by XBOOLE_1: 1;

             A9:

            now

              let S1 such that

               A10: S1 in P;

              thus S1 <> {}

              proof

                consider S be Subset of Y such that

                 A11: S in H and

                 A12: S c= S1 and

                 A13: for V be Subset of Y st S1 c= V & V in H holds V = Y by A7, A10;

                assume

                 A14: S1 = {} ;

                

                then S1 = S by A12

                .= Y by A14, A11, A13, XBOOLE_1: 2;

                hence contradiction by A3, A14;

              end;

              thus for S2 st S2 in P holds S1 = S2 or S1 misses S2

              proof

                let S2 such that

                 A15: S2 in P;

                

                 A16: ex T be Subset of Y st T in H & T c= S2 & for V be Subset of Y st S2 c= V & V in H holds V = Y by A7, A15;

                S2 in H by A7, A15;

                hence thesis by A6, A16;

              end;

            end;

            

             A17: ( union H) = Y by ABIAN: 4;

            Y c= ( union P)

            proof

              let p be object;

              assume p in Y;

              then

              consider h9 be set such that

               A18: p in h9 and

               A19: h9 in H by A17, TARSKI:def 4;

              reconsider h = h9 as Subset of Y by A19;

              consider T be Subset of Y such that

               A20: h c= T and

               A21: T in H and

               A22: for V be Subset of Y st T c= V & V in H holds V = Y by A1, A19;

              T in P by A7, A21, A22;

              hence thesis by A18, A20, TARSKI:def 4;

            end;

            then ( union P) = Y by XBOOLE_0:def 10;

            then P is a_partition of Y by A9, EQREL_1:def 4;

            hence thesis by A8;

          end;

        end;

        hence thesis;

      end;

    end;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:14

    for H be covering Hierarchy of Y holds for B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st B c= H & for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st C c= H & ( union B) c= ( union C) holds B = C holds B is a_partition of Y

    proof

      let H be covering Hierarchy of Y;

      let B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y such that

       A1: B c= H and

       A2: for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st C c= H & ( union B) c= ( union C) holds B = C;

      thus ( union B) = Y by A1, A2, Lm3;

      thus thesis by A1, A2, Def5, Lm4;

    end;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:15

    for H be covering T_3 Hierarchy of Y st H is lower-bounded & not {} in H holds for A be Subset of Y holds for B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st A in B & B c= H & for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st A in C & C c= H & ( union B) c= ( union C) holds ( union B) = ( union C) holds B is a_partition of Y

    proof

      let H be covering T_3 Hierarchy of Y such that

       A1: H is lower-bounded and

       A2: not {} in H;

      let A be Subset of Y;

      let B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y such that

       A3: A in B and

       A4: B c= H and

       A5: for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st A in C & C c= H & ( union B) c= ( union C) holds ( union B) = ( union C);

      

       A6: ( union H) = Y by ABIAN: 4;

      

       A7: H is hierarchic by Def4;

      per cases ;

        suppose

         A8: Y <> {} ;

        Y c= ( union B)

        proof

          assume not Y c= ( union B);

          then

          consider x be object such that

           A9: x in Y and

           A10: not x in ( union B);

          consider xx be set such that

           A11: x in xx and

           A12: xx in H by A6, A9, TARSKI:def 4;

          defpred X[ set] means x in $1;

          consider D be set such that

           A13: for h be set holds h in D iff h in H & X[h] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

          

           A14: D c= H by A13;

          now

            let h1,h2 be set such that

             A15: h1 in D and

             A16: h2 in D;

            now

              

               A17: x in h2 by A13, A16;

              assume

               A18: h1 misses h2;

              x in h1 by A13, A15;

              hence contradiction by A18, A17, XBOOLE_0: 3;

            end;

            then h1 c= h2 or h2 c= h1 by A7, A14, A15, A16;

            hence (h1,h2) are_c=-comparable by XBOOLE_0:def 9;

          end;

          then

           A19: D is c=-linear by ORDINAL1:def 8;

          xx in D by A13, A11, A12;

          then

          consider min1 be set such that

           A20: min1 in H and

           A21: min1 c= ( meet D) by A1, A14, A19;

          reconsider min9 = min1 as Subset of Y by A20;

          set C = (B \/ {min9});

          

           A22: B c= C by XBOOLE_1: 7;

          now

            reconsider x9 = x as Element of Y by A9;

            let b1 be set such that

             A23: b1 in B;

            reconsider b19 = b1 as Subset of Y by A23;

            

             A24: not x9 in b19 by A10, A23, TARSKI:def 4;

            

             A25: not b1 c= min9

            proof

              reconsider b19 = b1 as Subset of Y by A23;

              consider k be Subset of Y such that

               A26: x9 in k and

               A27: k in H and

               A28: k misses b19 by A4, A23, A24, Def6;

              k in D by A13, A26, A27;

              then ( meet D) c= k by SETFAM_1: 3;

              then

               A29: min9 c= k by A21;

              b1 <> {} by A2, A4, A23;

              then

               A30: ex y be object st y in b19 by XBOOLE_0:def 1;

              assume b1 c= min9;

              then b19 c= k by A29;

              hence contradiction by A28, A30, XBOOLE_0: 3;

            end;

             not min9 c= b1

            proof

              consider k be Subset of Y such that

               A31: x9 in k and

               A32: k in H and

               A33: k misses b19 by A4, A23, A24, Def6;

              k in D by A13, A31, A32;

              then ( meet D) c= k by SETFAM_1: 3;

              then

               A34: min9 c= k by A21;

              assume

               A35: min9 c= b1;

              ex y be object st y in min9 by A2, A20, XBOOLE_0:def 1;

              hence contradiction by A35, A33, A34, XBOOLE_0: 3;

            end;

            hence b1 misses min9 by A4, A7, A20, A23, A25;

          end;

          then

           A36: for b be set st b in B holds min9 misses b & Y <> {} by A8;

          then

           A37: C is mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y by Th11;

           {min9} c= H by A20, TARSKI:def 1;

          then

           A38: C c= H by A4, XBOOLE_1: 8;

          ( union C) <> ( union B) by A2, A20, A36, Th11;

          hence contradiction by A3, A5, A37, A38, A22, ZFMISC_1: 77;

        end;

        then

         A39: ( union B) = Y by XBOOLE_0:def 10;

        for A be Subset of Y st A in B holds (A <> {} & for E be Subset of Y st E in B holds A = E or A misses E) by A2, A4, Def5;

        hence thesis by A39, EQREL_1:def 4;

      end;

        suppose

         A40: Y = {} ;

        now

          per cases by A40, ZFMISC_1: 1, ZFMISC_1: 33;

            suppose H = {} ;

            hence B = {} by A4;

          end;

            suppose

             A41: H = { {} };

            B <> { {} }

            proof

              assume B = { {} };

              then {} in B by TARSKI:def 1;

              hence contradiction by A2, A4;

            end;

            hence B = {} by A4, A41, ZFMISC_1: 33;

          end;

        end;

        hence thesis by A40, EQREL_1: 45;

      end;

    end;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:16

    

     Th15: for H be covering T_3 Hierarchy of Y st H is lower-bounded & not {} in H holds for A be Subset of Y holds for B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st A in B & B c= H & for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st A in C & C c= H & B c= C holds B = C holds B is a_partition of Y

    proof

      let H be covering T_3 Hierarchy of Y such that

       A1: H is lower-bounded and

       A2: not {} in H;

      let A be Subset of Y;

      let B be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y such that

       A3: A in B and

       A4: B c= H and

       A5: for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st A in C & C c= H & B c= C holds B = C;

      

       A6: ( union H) = Y by ABIAN: 4;

      

       A7: H is hierarchic by Def4;

      per cases ;

        suppose

         A8: Y <> {} ;

        Y c= ( union B)

        proof

          assume not Y c= ( union B);

          then

          consider x be object such that

           A9: x in Y and

           A10: not x in ( union B);

          consider xx be set such that

           A11: x in xx and

           A12: xx in H by A6, A9, TARSKI:def 4;

          defpred X[ set] means x in $1;

          consider D be set such that

           A13: for h be set holds h in D iff h in H & X[h] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

          

           A14: D c= H by A13;

          now

            let h1,h2 be set such that

             A15: h1 in D and

             A16: h2 in D;

            now

              

               A17: x in h2 by A13, A16;

              assume

               A18: h1 misses h2;

              x in h1 by A13, A15;

              hence contradiction by A18, A17, XBOOLE_0: 3;

            end;

            then h1 c= h2 or h2 c= h1 by A7, A14, A15, A16;

            hence (h1,h2) are_c=-comparable by XBOOLE_0:def 9;

          end;

          then

           A19: D is c=-linear by ORDINAL1:def 8;

          xx in D by A13, A11, A12;

          then

          consider min1 be set such that

           A20: min1 in H and

           A21: min1 c= ( meet D) by A1, A14, A19;

          reconsider min9 = min1 as Subset of Y by A20;

          

           A22: {min9} c= H by A20, TARSKI:def 1;

          set C = (B \/ {min9});

          now

            reconsider x9 = x as Element of Y by A9;

            let b1 be set such that

             A23: b1 in B;

            reconsider b19 = b1 as Subset of Y by A23;

            

             A24: not x9 in b19 by A10, A23, TARSKI:def 4;

            

             A25: not b1 c= min9

            proof

              reconsider b19 = b1 as Subset of Y by A23;

              consider k be Subset of Y such that

               A26: x9 in k and

               A27: k in H and

               A28: k misses b19 by A4, A23, A24, Def6;

              k in D by A13, A26, A27;

              then ( meet D) c= k by SETFAM_1: 3;

              then

               A29: min9 c= k by A21;

              b1 <> {} by A2, A4, A23;

              then

               A30: ex y be object st y in b19 by XBOOLE_0:def 1;

              assume b1 c= min9;

              then b19 c= k by A29;

              hence contradiction by A28, A30, XBOOLE_0: 3;

            end;

             not min9 c= b1

            proof

              consider k be Subset of Y such that

               A31: x9 in k and

               A32: k in H and

               A33: k misses b19 by A4, A23, A24, Def6;

              k in D by A13, A31, A32;

              then ( meet D) c= k by SETFAM_1: 3;

              then

               A34: min9 c= k by A21;

              assume

               A35: min9 c= b1;

              ex y be object st y in min9 by A2, A20, XBOOLE_0:def 1;

              hence contradiction by A35, A33, A34, XBOOLE_0: 3;

            end;

            hence b1 misses min9 by A4, A7, A20, A23, A25;

          end;

          then

           A36: for b be set st b in B holds min9 misses b & Y <> {} by A8;

          then

           A37: C is mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y by Th11;

          

           A38: B c= C by XBOOLE_1: 7;

          ( union C) <> ( union B) by A2, A20, A36, Th11;

          hence contradiction by A3, A4, A5, A37, A22, A38, XBOOLE_1: 8;

        end;

        then

         A39: ( union B) = Y by XBOOLE_0:def 10;

        for A be Subset of Y st A in B holds (A <> {} & for E be Subset of Y st E in B holds A = E or A misses E) by A2, A4, Def5;

        hence thesis by A39, EQREL_1:def 4;

      end;

        suppose

         A40: Y = {} ;

        now

          per cases by A40, ZFMISC_1: 1, ZFMISC_1: 33;

            suppose H = {} ;

            hence B = {} by A4;

          end;

            suppose

             A41: H = { {} };

            B <> { {} }

            proof

              assume B = { {} };

              then {} in B by TARSKI:def 1;

              hence contradiction by A2, A4;

            end;

            hence B = {} by A4, A41, ZFMISC_1: 33;

          end;

        end;

        hence thesis by A40, EQREL_1: 45;

      end;

    end;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:17

    

     Th16: for H be covering T_3 Hierarchy of Y st H is lower-bounded & not {} in H holds for A be Subset of Y st A in H holds ex P be a_partition of Y st A in P & P c= H

    proof

      let H be covering T_3 Hierarchy of Y such that

       A1: H is lower-bounded and

       A2: not {} in H;

      let A be Subset of Y such that

       A3: A in H;

      set k1 = {A};

      

       A4: k1 c= H by A3, ZFMISC_1: 31;

      

       A5: A in k1 by TARSKI:def 1;

      

       A6: k1 c= ( bool Y) by ZFMISC_1: 31;

      defpred X[ set] means A in $1 & $1 is mutually-disjoint & $1 c= H;

      consider K be set such that

       A7: for S be set holds S in K iff S in ( bool ( bool Y)) & X[S] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

      k1 is mutually-disjoint by Th9;

      then

       A8: k1 in K by A7, A5, A4, A6;

      for Z be set st Z c= K & Z is c=-linear holds ex X3 be set st X3 in K & for X1 be set st X1 in Z holds X1 c= X3

      proof

        let Z be set such that

         A9: Z c= K and

         A10: Z is c=-linear;

        

         A11: for X1,X2 be set st X1 in Z & X2 in Z holds X1 c= X2 or X2 c= X1 by XBOOLE_0:def 9, A10, ORDINAL1:def 8;

        per cases ;

          suppose

           A12: Z <> {} ;

          set X3 = ( union Z);

          take X3;

          now

            consider z be object such that

             A13: z in Z by A12, XBOOLE_0:def 1;

            reconsider z as set by TARSKI: 1;

            A in z by A7, A9, A13;

            hence A in X3 by A13, TARSKI:def 4;

            

             A14: for a st a in Z holds a c= H by A7, A9;

            then X3 c= H by ZFMISC_1: 76;

            then X3 c= ( bool Y) by XBOOLE_1: 1;

            hence X3 in ( bool ( bool Y));

            thus X3 is mutually-disjoint

            proof

              let t1,t2 be set such that

               A15: t1 in X3 and

               A16: t2 in X3 and

               A17: t1 <> t2;

              consider v1 be set such that

               A18: t1 in v1 and

               A19: v1 in Z by A15, TARSKI:def 4;

              

               A20: v1 is mutually-disjoint by A7, A9, A19;

              consider v2 be set such that

               A21: t2 in v2 and

               A22: v2 in Z by A16, TARSKI:def 4;

              

               A23: v2 is mutually-disjoint by A7, A9, A22;

              per cases by A11, A19, A22;

                suppose v1 c= v2;

                hence thesis by A17, A18, A21, A23;

              end;

                suppose v2 c= v1;

                hence thesis by A17, A18, A21, A20;

              end;

            end;

            thus X3 c= H by A14, ZFMISC_1: 76;

          end;

          hence X3 in K by A7;

          thus thesis by ZFMISC_1: 74;

        end;

          suppose

           A24: Z = {} ;

          consider a be set such that

           A25: a in K by A8;

          take a;

          thus a in K by A25;

          thus thesis by A24;

        end;

      end;

      then

      consider M be set such that

       A26: M in K and

       A27: for Z be set st Z in K & Z <> M holds not M c= Z by A8, ORDERS_1: 65;

      

       A28: M is mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y by A7, A26;

      

       A29: for C be mutually-disjoint Subset-Family of Y st A in C & C c= H & M c= C holds M = C by A27, A7;

      

       A30: A in M by A7, A26;

      take M;

      M c= H by A7, A26;

      hence thesis by A1, A2, A28, A30, A29, Th15;

    end;

     Lm5:

    now

      let x be non empty set;

      

       A1: ex a be object st a in x by XBOOLE_0:def 1;

      let y;

      assume x c= y;

      hence x meets y by A1, XBOOLE_0: 3;

    end;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:18

    

     Th17: for h be non empty set holds for Pmin be a_partition of X holds for hw be set st hw in Pmin & h c= hw holds for PS be a_partition of X st h in PS & for x st x in PS holds (x c= hw or hw c= x or hw misses x) holds for PT be set st (for a holds a in PT iff a in PS & a c= hw) holds (PT \/ (Pmin \ {hw})) is a_partition of X & (PT \/ (Pmin \ {hw})) is_finer_than Pmin

    proof

      let h be non empty set;

      let Pmin be a_partition of X;

      let hw be set such that

       A1: hw in Pmin and

       A2: h c= hw;

      let PS be a_partition of X such that

       A3: h in PS and

       A4: for x st x in PS holds (x c= hw or hw c= x or hw misses x);

      let PT be set such that

       A5: for a holds a in PT iff a in PS & a c= hw;

      

       A6: PT c= PS by A5;

      

       A7: ( union PS) = X by EQREL_1:def 4;

      

       A8: ( union Pmin) = X by EQREL_1:def 4;

      set P = (PT \/ (Pmin \ {hw}));

      

       A9: PT c= P by XBOOLE_1: 7;

      

       A10: (Pmin \ {hw}) c= P by XBOOLE_1: 7;

      

       A11: h in PT by A2, A3, A5;

      

       A12: X c= ( union P)

      proof

        let a be object such that

         A13: a in X;

        consider b such that

         A14: a in b and

         A15: b in Pmin by A8, A13, TARSKI:def 4;

        per cases ;

          suppose

           A16: b = hw;

          consider c such that

           A17: a in c and

           A18: c in PS by A7, A13, TARSKI:def 4;

          

           A19: hw meets c by A14, A16, A17, XBOOLE_0: 3;

          per cases by A4, A18, A19;

            suppose hw c= c;

            then

             A20: h c= c by A2;

            h meets c

            proof

              

               A21: ex x be object st x in h by XBOOLE_0:def 1;

              assume h misses c;

              hence contradiction by A20, A21, XBOOLE_0: 3;

            end;

            then h = c by A3, A18, EQREL_1:def 4;

            hence thesis by A9, A11, A17, TARSKI:def 4;

          end;

            suppose c c= hw;

            then c in PT by A5, A18;

            hence thesis by A9, A17, TARSKI:def 4;

          end;

        end;

          suppose b <> hw;

          then not b in {hw} by TARSKI:def 1;

          then b in (Pmin \ {hw}) by A15, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

          hence thesis by A10, A14, TARSKI:def 4;

        end;

      end;

      

       A22: (Pmin \ {hw}) c= Pmin by XBOOLE_1: 36;

       A23:

      now

        let x, y such that

         A24: x in PT and

         A25: y in (Pmin \ {hw});

        

         A26: y in Pmin by A25, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

         not y in {hw} by A25, XBOOLE_0:def 5;

        then

         A27: y <> hw by TARSKI:def 1;

        

         A28: x c= hw by A5, A24;

        now

          assume x meets y;

          then ex a be object st a in x & a in y by XBOOLE_0: 3;

          then hw meets y by A28, XBOOLE_0: 3;

          hence contradiction by A1, A26, A27, EQREL_1:def 4;

        end;

        hence x misses y;

      end;

       A29:

      now

        let A be Subset of X such that

         A30: A in P;

        now

          per cases by A30, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

            suppose A in PT;

            hence A <> {} by A6, EQREL_1:def 4;

          end;

            suppose A in (Pmin \ {hw});

            hence A <> {} by A22, EQREL_1:def 4;

          end;

        end;

        hence A <> {} ;

        thus for B be Subset of X st B in P holds A = B or A misses B

        proof

          let B be Subset of X such that

           A31: B in P;

          per cases by A30, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

            suppose

             A32: A in PT;

            per cases by A31, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

              suppose B in PT;

              hence thesis by A6, A32, EQREL_1:def 4;

            end;

              suppose B in (Pmin \ {hw});

              hence thesis by A23, A32;

            end;

          end;

            suppose

             A33: A in (Pmin \ {hw});

            per cases by A31, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

              suppose B in PT;

              hence thesis by A23, A33;

            end;

              suppose B in (Pmin \ {hw});

              hence thesis by A22, A33, EQREL_1:def 4;

            end;

          end;

        end;

      end;

      PT c= ( bool X) by A6, XBOOLE_1: 1;

      then

       A34: P c= ( bool X) by XBOOLE_1: 8;

      ( union P) c= X

      proof

        let a be object;

        assume a in ( union P);

        then ex b st a in b & b in P by TARSKI:def 4;

        hence thesis by A34;

      end;

      then ( union P) = X by A12, XBOOLE_0:def 10;

      hence (PT \/ (Pmin \ {hw})) is a_partition of X by A34, A29, EQREL_1:def 4;

      let a such that

       A35: a in P;

      per cases by A35, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

        suppose a in PT;

        then a c= hw by A5;

        hence thesis by A1;

      end;

        suppose a in (Pmin \ {hw});

        hence thesis by A22;

      end;

    end;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:19

    

     Th18: for h be non empty set st h c= X holds for Pmax be a_partition of X st ((ex hy be set st hy in Pmax & hy c= h) & for x st x in Pmax holds (x c= h or h c= x or h misses x)) holds for Pb be set st (for x holds x in Pb iff (x in Pmax & x misses h)) holds (Pb \/ {h}) is a_partition of X & Pmax is_finer_than (Pb \/ {h}) & for Pmin be a_partition of X st Pmax is_finer_than Pmin holds for hw be set st hw in Pmin & h c= hw holds (Pb \/ {h}) is_finer_than Pmin

    proof

      let h be non empty set such that

       A1: h c= X;

      

       A2: {h} c= ( bool X)

      proof

        let s be object;

        assume s in {h};

        then s = h by TARSKI:def 1;

        hence thesis by A1;

      end;

      

       A3: h in {h} by TARSKI:def 1;

      let Pmax be a_partition of X such that

       A4: ex hy be set st hy in Pmax & hy c= h and

       A5: for x st x in Pmax holds (x c= h or h c= x or h misses x);

       A6:

      now

        let s be set such that

         A7: s in Pmax and

         A8: h c= s;

        consider hy be set such that

         A9: hy in Pmax and

         A10: hy c= h by A4;

        hy <> {} by A9, EQREL_1:def 4;

        then hy meets s by A8, A10, Lm5, XBOOLE_1: 1;

        then s = hy by A7, A9, EQREL_1:def 4;

        hence h = s by A8, A10, XBOOLE_0:def 10;

      end;

      let Pb be set such that

       A11: for x holds x in Pb iff x in Pmax & x misses h;

      set P = (Pb \/ {h});

      

       A12: Pb c= P by XBOOLE_1: 7;

      

       A13: Pb c= Pmax by A11;

       A14:

      now

        let A be Subset of X such that

         A15: A in P;

        now

          per cases by A15, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

            suppose A in Pb;

            then A in Pmax by A11;

            hence A <> {} by EQREL_1:def 4;

          end;

            suppose A in {h};

            hence A <> {} by TARSKI:def 1;

          end;

        end;

        hence A <> {} ;

        thus for B be Subset of X st B in P holds A = B or A misses B

        proof

          let B be Subset of X such that

           A16: B in P;

          per cases by A15, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

            suppose

             A17: A in Pb;

            per cases by A16, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

              suppose B in Pb;

              hence thesis by A13, A17, EQREL_1:def 4;

            end;

              suppose B in {h};

              then B = h by TARSKI:def 1;

              hence thesis by A11, A17;

            end;

          end;

            suppose

             A18: A in {h};

            per cases by A16, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

              suppose

               A19: B in Pb;

              A = h by A18, TARSKI:def 1;

              hence thesis by A11, A19;

            end;

              suppose B in {h};

              then B = h by TARSKI:def 1;

              hence thesis by A18, TARSKI:def 1;

            end;

          end;

        end;

      end;

      

       A20: {h} c= P by XBOOLE_1: 7;

      

       A21: ( union Pmax) = X by EQREL_1:def 4;

      

       A22: X c= ( union P)

      proof

        let s be object;

        assume s in X;

        then

        consider t be set such that

         A23: s in t and

         A24: t in Pmax by A21, TARSKI:def 4;

        per cases ;

          suppose t in Pb;

          hence thesis by A12, A23, TARSKI:def 4;

        end;

          suppose not t in Pb;

          then

           A25: t meets h by A11, A24;

          per cases by A5, A24, A25;

            suppose h c= t;

            then t = h by A6, A24;

            hence thesis by A3, A20, A23, TARSKI:def 4;

          end;

            suppose

             A26: t c= h;

            h in {h} by TARSKI:def 1;

            hence thesis by A20, A23, A26, TARSKI:def 4;

          end;

        end;

      end;

      Pb c= ( bool X) by A13, XBOOLE_1: 1;

      then

       A27: P c= ( bool X) by A2, XBOOLE_1: 8;

      ( union P) c= X

      proof

        let s be object;

        assume s in ( union P);

        then ex t be set st s in t & t in P by TARSKI:def 4;

        hence thesis by A27;

      end;

      then ( union P) = X by A22, XBOOLE_0:def 10;

      hence (Pb \/ {h}) is a_partition of X by A27, A14, EQREL_1:def 4;

      thus Pmax is_finer_than (Pb \/ {h})

      proof

        let x be set such that

         A28: x in Pmax;

        per cases ;

          suppose x c= h;

          hence thesis by A3, A20;

        end;

          suppose

           A29: not x c= h;

          per cases by A5, A28, A29;

            suppose h c= x;

            then h = x by A6, A28;

            hence thesis by A3, A20;

          end;

            suppose h misses x;

            then x in Pb by A11, A28;

            hence thesis by A12;

          end;

        end;

      end;

      let Pmin be a_partition of X such that

       A30: Pmax is_finer_than Pmin;

      let hw be set such that

       A31: hw in Pmin and

       A32: h c= hw;

      let s be set such that

       A33: s in P;

      per cases by A33, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

        suppose s in Pb;

        then s in Pmax by A11;

        hence thesis by A30;

      end;

        suppose s in {h};

        then s = h by TARSKI:def 1;

        hence thesis by A31, A32;

      end;

    end;

    theorem :: TAXONOM2:20

    for H be covering T_3 Hierarchy of X st H is lower-bounded & not {} in H & (for C1 be set st (C1 <> {} & C1 c= ( PARTITIONS X) & (for P1,P2 be set st P1 in C1 & P2 in C1 holds P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1)) holds (ex PX, PY st (PX in C1 & PY in C1 & for PZ st PZ in C1 holds PZ is_finer_than PY & PX is_finer_than PZ))) holds ex C be Classification of X st ( union C) = H

    proof

      let H be covering T_3 Hierarchy of X such that

       A1: H is lower-bounded and

       A2: not {} in H and

       A3: for C1 be set st C1 <> {} & C1 c= ( PARTITIONS X) & (for P1,P2 be set st P1 in C1 & P2 in C1 holds P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1) holds ex PX, PY st (PX in C1 & PY in C1 & for PZ st PZ in C1 holds PZ is_finer_than PY & PX is_finer_than PZ);

      ( union H) = X by ABIAN: 4;

      then

      consider h be object such that

       A4: h in H by XBOOLE_0:def 1, ZFMISC_1: 2;

      reconsider h as Subset of X by A4;

      consider PX be a_partition of X such that h in PX and

       A5: PX c= H by A1, A2, A4, Th16;

      set L = {PX};

      

       A6: L c= ( PARTITIONS X)

      proof

        let l be object;

        assume l in L;

        then l = PX by TARSKI:def 1;

        hence thesis by PARTIT1:def 3;

      end;

       A7:

      now

        let P1,P2 be set;

        assume that

         A8: P1 in L and

         A9: P2 in L;

        P1 = PX by A8, TARSKI:def 1;

        hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A9, TARSKI:def 1;

      end;

      

       A10: H is hierarchic by Def4;

      defpred X[ set] means (for P be set holds P in $1 implies P c= H) & (for P1,P2 be set holds P1 in $1 & P2 in $1 implies P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1);

      consider RL be set such that

       A11: for L be set holds L in RL iff L in ( bool ( PARTITIONS X)) & X[L] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

      for a st a in L holds a c= H by A5, TARSKI:def 1;

      then

       A12: L in RL by A11, A6, A7;

      now

        let Z be set such that

         A13: Z c= RL and

         A14: Z is c=-linear;

        set Y = ( union Z);

        

         A15: for X1,X2 be set st X1 in Z & X2 in Z holds X1 c= X2 or X2 c= X1 by XBOOLE_0:def 9, A14, ORDINAL1:def 8;

         A16:

        now

          let P1,P2 be set;

          assume that

           A17: P1 in Y and

           A18: P2 in Y;

          consider L1 be set such that

           A19: P1 in L1 and

           A20: L1 in Z by A17, TARSKI:def 4;

          consider L2 be set such that

           A21: P2 in L2 and

           A22: L2 in Z by A18, TARSKI:def 4;

          per cases by A15, A20, A22;

            suppose L1 c= L2;

            hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A11, A13, A19, A21, A22;

          end;

            suppose L2 c= L1;

            hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A11, A13, A19, A20, A21;

          end;

        end;

        take Y;

         A23:

        now

          let P be set;

          assume P in Y;

          then ex L3 be set st P in L3 & L3 in Z by TARSKI:def 4;

          hence P c= H by A11, A13;

        end;

        Y c= ( PARTITIONS X)

        proof

          let P be object;

          assume P in Y;

          then

          consider L4 be set such that

           A24: P in L4 and

           A25: L4 in Z by TARSKI:def 4;

          L4 in ( bool ( PARTITIONS X)) by A11, A13, A25;

          hence thesis by A24;

        end;

        hence Y in RL by A11, A23, A16;

        thus for X1 be set st X1 in Z holds X1 c= Y by ZFMISC_1: 74;

      end;

      then

      consider C be set such that

       A26: C in RL and

       A27: for Z be set st Z in RL & Z <> C holds not C c= Z by A12, ORDERS_1: 65;

      reconsider C as Subset of ( PARTITIONS X) by A11, A26;

      

       A28: C is Classification of X

      proof

        let P1,P2 be a_partition of X such that

         A29: P1 in C and

         A30: P2 in C;

        thus thesis by A11, A26, A29, A30;

      end;

      

       A31: C <> {} by A12, A27, XBOOLE_1: 2;

      

       A32: H c= ( union C)

      proof

        let h be object such that

         A33: h in H;

        reconsider hh = h as set by TARSKI: 1;

        per cases ;

          suppose

           A34: not h in ( union C);

          defpred X[ set] means ex hx be set st (hx in $1 & hh c= hx & h <> hx);

          consider Ca be set such that

           A35: for p be set holds p in Ca iff p in C & X[p] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

          

           A36: Ca c= C by A35;

          defpred X[ set] means ex hx be set st (hx in $1 & hx c= hh & h <> hx);

          consider Cb be set such that

           A37: for p be set holds p in Cb iff p in C & X[p] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

          consider PS be a_partition of X such that

           A38: h in PS and

           A39: PS c= H by A1, A2, A33, Th16;

          

           A40: h <> {} by A38, EQREL_1:def 4;

           A41:

          now

            consider t be object such that

             A42: t in hh by A40, XBOOLE_0:def 1;

            let p be set;

            assume p in C;

            then p is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

            then ( union p) = X by EQREL_1:def 4;

            then

            consider v be set such that

             A43: t in v and

             A44: v in p by A33, A42, TARSKI:def 4;

            assume

             A45: for hv be set st hv in p holds hv misses hh;

             not v misses hh by A42, A43, XBOOLE_0: 3;

            hence contradiction by A45, A44;

          end;

          

           A46: C c= (Ca \/ Cb)

          proof

            let p be object such that

             A47: p in C;

            reconsider pp = p as set by TARSKI: 1;

            consider hv be set such that

             A48: hv in pp and

             A49: not hv misses hh by A41, A47;

            

             A50: h <> hv by A34, A47, A48, TARSKI:def 4;

            

             A51: pp c= H by A11, A26, A47;

            per cases by A10, A33, A48, A49, A51;

              suppose hv c= hh;

              then p in Cb by A37, A47, A48, A50;

              hence thesis by XBOOLE_0:def 3;

            end;

              suppose hh c= hv;

              then p in Ca by A35, A47, A48, A50;

              hence thesis by XBOOLE_0:def 3;

            end;

          end;

          Cb c= C by A37;

          then (Ca \/ Cb) c= C by A36, XBOOLE_1: 8;

          then

           A52: C = (Ca \/ Cb) by A46, XBOOLE_0:def 10;

          then

           A53: Ca c= C by XBOOLE_1: 7;

           A54:

          now

            let P1,P2 be set such that

             A55: P1 in Ca and

             A56: P2 in Ca;

            P2 in C by A53, A56;

            then

             A57: P2 is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

            P1 in C by A53, A55;

            then P1 is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

            hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A28, A53, A55, A56, A57, TAXONOM1:def 1;

          end;

          

           A58: Cb c= C by A52, XBOOLE_1: 7;

           A59:

          now

            let P1,P2 be set such that

             A60: P1 in Cb and

             A61: P2 in Cb;

            P2 in C by A58, A61;

            then

             A62: P2 is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

            P1 in C by A58, A60;

            then P1 is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

            hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A28, A58, A60, A61, A62, TAXONOM1:def 1;

          end;

          now

            per cases ;

              suppose

               A63: Cb <> {} ;

              defpred X[ set] means $1 misses hh;

              

               A64: {h} c= H by A33, TARSKI:def 1;

              consider PX,Pmax be set such that PX in Cb and

               A65: Pmax in Cb and

               A66: for PZ st PZ in Cb holds PZ is_finer_than Pmax & PX is_finer_than PZ by A3, A58, A59, A63, XBOOLE_1: 1;

              consider Pb be set such that

               A67: for x holds x in Pb iff x in Pmax & X[x] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

              set PS1 = (Pb \/ {h});

              set C1 = (C \/ {PS1});

              Pmax in C by A58, A65;

              then

               A68: Pmax is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

              

               A69: Pmax c= H by A11, A26, A58, A65;

              then

               A70: for a st a in Pmax holds a c= hh or hh c= a or hh misses a by A10, A33;

              Pb c= Pmax by A67;

              then Pb c= H by A69;

              then

               A71: PS1 c= H by A64, XBOOLE_1: 8;

               A72:

              now

                let P3 be set;

                assume

                 A73: P3 in C1;

                per cases by A73, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                  suppose P3 in C;

                  hence P3 c= H by A11, A26;

                end;

                  suppose P3 in {PS1};

                  hence P3 c= H by A71, TARSKI:def 1;

                end;

              end;

              PS1 in {PS1} by TARSKI:def 1;

              then

               A74: PS1 in C1 by XBOOLE_0:def 3;

              h in {h} by TARSKI:def 1;

              then

               A75: h in PS1 by XBOOLE_0:def 3;

              

               A76: ex hx be set st hx in Pmax & hx c= hh & hh <> hx by A37, A65;

              then

               A77: Pmax is_finer_than PS1 by A33, A40, A68, A67, A70, Th18;

               A78:

              now

                let P3 be set such that

                 A79: P3 in C;

                per cases ;

                  suppose Ca = {} ;

                  then P3 is_finer_than Pmax by A46, A66, A79;

                  hence PS1 is_finer_than P3 or P3 is_finer_than PS1 by A77, SETFAM_1: 17;

                end;

                  suppose

                   A80: Ca <> {} ;

                  now

                    per cases by A46, A79, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                      suppose

                       A81: P3 in Ca;

                      consider Pmin,PY be set such that

                       A82: Pmin in Ca and PY in Ca and

                       A83: for PZ st PZ in Ca holds PZ is_finer_than PY & Pmin is_finer_than PZ by A3, A53, A54, A80, XBOOLE_1: 1;

                      

                       A84: Pmin is_finer_than P3 by A81, A83;

                       A85:

                      now

                        consider hx be set such that

                         A86: hx in Pmin and

                         A87: hh c= hx and

                         A88: h <> hx by A35, A82;

                        assume Pmin is_finer_than Pmax;

                        then

                        consider hz be set such that

                         A89: hz in Pmax and

                         A90: hx c= hz by A86;

                        consider hy be set such that

                         A91: hy in Pmax and

                         A92: hy c= hh and h <> hy by A37, A65;

                        

                         A93: hy is non empty by A68, A91, EQREL_1:def 4;

                        hy c= hx by A87, A92;

                        then hy meets hz by A90, A93, Lm5, XBOOLE_1: 1;

                        then hy = hz by A68, A91, A89, EQREL_1:def 4;

                        then hx c= hh by A92, A90;

                        hence contradiction by A87, A88, XBOOLE_0:def 10;

                      end;

                      

                       A94: Pmax in C by A52, A65, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                      then

                       A95: Pmax is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

                      Pmin in C by A53, A82;

                      then

                       A96: Pmin is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

                      

                       A97: ex hw be set st hw in Pmin & hh c= hw & h <> hw by A35, A82;

                      

                       A98: Pmin in C by A52, A82, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                      then Pmin is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

                      then Pmax is_finer_than Pmin by A28, A98, A94, A95, A85, TAXONOM1:def 1;

                      then PS1 is_finer_than Pmin by A33, A40, A68, A67, A70, A76, A96, A97, Th18;

                      hence PS1 is_finer_than P3 or P3 is_finer_than PS1 by A84, SETFAM_1: 17;

                    end;

                      suppose P3 in Cb;

                      then P3 is_finer_than Pmax by A66;

                      hence PS1 is_finer_than P3 or P3 is_finer_than PS1 by A77, SETFAM_1: 17;

                    end;

                  end;

                  hence PS1 is_finer_than P3 or P3 is_finer_than PS1;

                end;

              end;

               A99:

              now

                let P1,P2 be set;

                assume that

                 A100: P1 in C1 and

                 A101: P2 in C1;

                per cases by A100, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                  suppose

                   A102: P1 in C;

                  per cases by A101, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                    suppose

                     A103: P2 in C;

                    then

                     A104: P2 is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

                    P1 is a_partition of X by A102, PARTIT1:def 3;

                    hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A28, A102, A103, A104, TAXONOM1:def 1;

                  end;

                    suppose P2 in {PS1};

                    then P2 = PS1 by TARSKI:def 1;

                    hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A78, A102;

                  end;

                end;

                  suppose P1 in {PS1};

                  then

                   A105: P1 = PS1 by TARSKI:def 1;

                  per cases by A101, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                    suppose P2 in C;

                    hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A78, A105;

                  end;

                    suppose P2 in {PS1};

                    hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A105, TARSKI:def 1;

                  end;

                end;

              end;

              

               A106: PS1 is a_partition of X by A33, A40, A68, A67, A70, A76, Th18;

               {PS1} c= ( PARTITIONS X)

              proof

                let s be object;

                assume s in {PS1};

                then s = PS1 by TARSKI:def 1;

                hence thesis by A106, PARTIT1:def 3;

              end;

              then C1 c= ( PARTITIONS X) by XBOOLE_1: 8;

              then C1 in RL by A11, A72, A99;

              then C = C1 by A27, XBOOLE_1: 7;

              hence thesis by A75, A74, TARSKI:def 4;

            end;

              suppose

               A107: Cb = {} ;

              then

              consider Pmin,PY be set such that

               A108: Pmin in Ca and PY in Ca and

               A109: for PZ st PZ in Ca holds PZ is_finer_than PY & Pmin is_finer_than PZ by A3, A31, A52, A54;

              consider hw be set such that

               A110: hw in Pmin and

               A111: hh c= hw and hh <> hw by A35, A108;

              defpred X[ set] means $1 c= hw;

              consider PT be set such that

               A112: for a holds a in PT iff a in PS & X[a] from XFAMILY:sch 1;

              set PS1 = (PT \/ (Pmin \ {hw}));

              set C1 = (C \/ {PS1});

              PT c= PS by A112;

              then

               A113: PT c= H by A39;

              

               A114: Pmin c= H by A11, A26, A53, A108;

              then (Pmin \ {hw}) c= H;

              then

               A115: PS1 c= H by A113, XBOOLE_1: 8;

               A116:

              now

                let P3 be set;

                assume

                 A117: P3 in C1;

                per cases by A117, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                  suppose P3 in C;

                  hence P3 c= H by A11, A26;

                end;

                  suppose P3 in {PS1};

                  hence P3 c= H by A115, TARSKI:def 1;

                end;

              end;

              Pmin in C by A53, A108;

              then

               A118: Pmin is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

              

               A119: for a st a in PS holds a c= hw or hw c= a or hw misses a by A10, A39, A114, A110;

              then

               A120: PS1 is_finer_than Pmin by A38, A40, A118, A110, A111, A112, Th17;

               A121:

              now

                let P3 be set;

                assume P3 in C;

                then Pmin is_finer_than P3 by A46, A107, A109;

                hence PS1 is_finer_than P3 or P3 is_finer_than PS1 by A120, SETFAM_1: 17;

              end;

               A122:

              now

                let P1,P2 be set;

                assume that

                 A123: P1 in C1 and

                 A124: P2 in C1;

                per cases by A123, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                  suppose

                   A125: P1 in C;

                  per cases by A124, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                    suppose

                     A126: P2 in C;

                    then

                     A127: P2 is a_partition of X by PARTIT1:def 3;

                    P1 is a_partition of X by A125, PARTIT1:def 3;

                    hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A28, A125, A126, A127, TAXONOM1:def 1;

                  end;

                    suppose P2 in {PS1};

                    then P2 = PS1 by TARSKI:def 1;

                    hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A121, A125;

                  end;

                end;

                  suppose P1 in {PS1};

                  then

                   A128: P1 = PS1 by TARSKI:def 1;

                  per cases by A124, XBOOLE_0:def 3;

                    suppose P2 in C;

                    hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A121, A128;

                  end;

                    suppose P2 in {PS1};

                    hence P1 is_finer_than P2 or P2 is_finer_than P1 by A128, TARSKI:def 1;

                  end;

                end;

              end;

              

               A129: PS1 is a_partition of X by A38, A40, A118, A110, A111, A112, A119, Th17;

               {PS1} c= ( PARTITIONS X)

              proof

                let s be object;

                assume s in {PS1};

                then s = PS1 by TARSKI:def 1;

                hence thesis by A129, PARTIT1:def 3;

              end;

              then C1 c= ( PARTITIONS X) by XBOOLE_1: 8;

              then C1 in RL by A11, A116, A122;

              then

               A130: C = C1 by A27, XBOOLE_1: 7;

              

               A131: PT c= PS1 by XBOOLE_1: 7;

              

               A132: PS1 in {PS1} by TARSKI:def 1;

              

               A133: {PS1} c= C1 by XBOOLE_1: 7;

              h in PT by A38, A111, A112;

              hence thesis by A131, A133, A132, A130, TARSKI:def 4;

            end;

          end;

          hence thesis;

        end;

          suppose h in ( union C);

          hence thesis;

        end;

      end;

      take C;

      ( union C) c= H

      proof

        let h be object;

        assume h in ( union C);

        then

        consider P be set such that

         A134: h in P and

         A135: P in C by TARSKI:def 4;

        P c= H by A11, A26, A135;

        hence thesis by A134;

      end;

      hence thesis by A28, A32, XBOOLE_0:def 10;

    end;