combgras.miz
begin
reserve k,n for
Nat,
x,y,X,Y,Z for
set;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:1
Th1: for a,b be
set st a
<> b & (
card a)
= n & (
card b)
= n holds (
card (a
/\ b))
in n & (n
+ 1)
c= (
card (a
\/ b))
proof
let a,b be
set;
assume that
A1: a
<> b and
A2: (
card a)
= n and
A3: (
card b)
= n and
A4: not (
card (a
/\ b))
in n or not (n
+ 1)
c= (
card (a
\/ b));
n
c= (
card (a
/\ b)) or (
card (a
\/ b))
in (
Segm (n
+ 1)) by
A4,
ORDINAL1: 16;
then n
c= (
card (a
/\ b)) or (
card (a
\/ b))
in (
succ (
Segm n)) by
NAT_1: 38;
then
A5: n
c= (
card (a
/\ b)) or (
card (a
\/ b))
c= n by
ORDINAL1: 22;
n
c= (
card (a
\/ b)) & (
card (a
/\ b))
c= n by
A2,
CARD_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 7,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A6: (
card a)
= (
card (a
/\ b)) & (
card (a
/\ b))
= (
card b) or (
card (a
\/ b))
= (
card a) & (
card (a
\/ b))
= (
card b) by
A2,
A3,
A5,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
A7: a
c= (a
\/ b) & b
c= (a
\/ b) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
a is
finite
set & b is
finite
set by
A2,
A3;
then a
= (a
/\ b) & b
= (a
/\ b) or a
= (a
\/ b) & b
= (a
\/ b) by
A7,
A6,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
hence contradiction by
A1;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:2
Th2: for a,b be
set st (
card a)
= (n
+ k) & (
card b)
= (n
+ k) holds (
card (a
/\ b))
= n iff (
card (a
\/ b))
= (n
+ (2
* k))
proof
let a,b be
set;
assume that
A1: (
card a)
= (n
+ k) and
A2: (
card b)
= (n
+ k);
A3: a is
finite by
A1;
A4: b is
finite by
A2;
thus (
card (a
/\ b))
= n implies (
card (a
\/ b))
= (n
+ (2
* k))
proof
assume (
card (a
/\ b))
= n;
then (
card (a
\/ b))
= (((n
+ k)
+ (n
+ k))
- n) by
A1,
A2,
A3,
A4,
CARD_2: 45;
hence thesis;
end;
thus (
card (a
\/ b))
= (n
+ (2
* k)) implies (
card (a
/\ b))
= n
proof
reconsider m = (
card (a
/\ b)) as
Nat by
A3;
assume (
card (a
\/ b))
= (n
+ (2
* k));
then (n
+ (2
* k))
= (((n
+ k)
+ (n
+ k))
- m) by
A1,
A2,
A3,
A4,
CARD_2: 45;
hence thesis;
end;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:3
Th3: (
card X)
c= (
card Y) iff ex f be
Function st f is
one-to-one & X
c= (
dom f) & (f
.: X)
c= Y
proof
thus (
card X)
c= (
card Y) implies ex f be
Function st f is
one-to-one & X
c= (
dom f) & (f
.: X)
c= Y
proof
assume (
card X)
c= (
card Y);
then
consider f be
Function such that
A1: f is
one-to-one & (
dom f)
= X & (
rng f)
c= Y by
CARD_1: 10;
take f;
thus thesis by
A1,
RELAT_1: 113;
end;
given f be
Function such that
A2: f is
one-to-one and
A3: X
c= (
dom f) and
A4: (f
.: X)
c= Y;
A5: (
rng (f
| X))
c= Y
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in (
rng (f
| X));
then
consider x be
object such that
A6: x
in (
dom (f
| X)) & y
= ((f
| X)
. x) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
x
in X & y
= (f
. x) by
A3,
A6,
FUNCT_1: 47,
RELAT_1: 62;
then y
in (f
.: X) by
A3,
FUNCT_1:def 6;
hence thesis by
A4;
end;
(f
| X) is
one-to-one & (
dom (f
| X))
= X by
A2,
A3,
FUNCT_1: 52,
RELAT_1: 62;
hence thesis by
A5,
CARD_1: 10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:4
Th4: for f be
Function st f is
one-to-one & X
c= (
dom f) holds (
card (f
.: X))
= (
card X)
proof
let f be
Function;
assume f is
one-to-one & X
c= (
dom f);
then (
card (f
.: X))
c= (
card X) & (
card X)
c= (
card (f
.: X)) by
Th3,
CARD_1: 67;
hence thesis by
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:5
Th5: (X
\ Y)
= (X
\ Z) & Y
c= X & Z
c= X implies Y
= Z
proof
assume that
A1: (X
\ Y)
= (X
\ Z) and
A2: Y
c= X and
A3: Z
c= X;
A4: (Y
\ Z)
c= X by
A2;
(X
\ Z)
misses Y by
A1,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then (Y
\ Z)
=
{} by
A4,
XBOOLE_1: 67,
XBOOLE_1: 81;
then
A5: Y
c= Z by
XBOOLE_1: 37;
A6: (Z
\ Y)
c= X by
A3;
(X
\ Y)
misses Z by
A1,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then (Z
\ Y)
=
{} by
A6,
XBOOLE_1: 67,
XBOOLE_1: 81;
then Z
c= Y by
XBOOLE_1: 37;
hence thesis by
A5,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:6
Th6: for Y be non
empty
set holds for p be
Function of X, Y st p is
one-to-one holds for x1,x2 be
Subset of X holds x1
<> x2 implies (p
.: x1)
<> (p
.: x2)
proof
let Y be non
empty
set;
let p be
Function of X, Y such that
A1: p is
one-to-one;
let x1 be
Subset of X;
let x2 be
Subset of X;
A2: X
= (
dom p) by
FUNCT_2:def 1;
A3: not x1
c= x2 implies (p
.: x1)
<> (p
.: x2)
proof
assume not x1
c= x2;
then
consider a be
object such that
A4: a
in x1 and
A5: not a
in x2;
not (p
. a)
in (p
.: x2)
proof
assume (p
. a)
in (p
.: x2);
then ex b be
object st b
in (
dom p) & b
in x2 & (p
. a)
= (p
. b) by
FUNCT_1:def 6;
hence contradiction by
A1,
A2,
A4,
A5;
end;
hence thesis by
A2,
A4,
FUNCT_1:def 6;
end;
A6: not x2
c= x1 implies (p
.: x1)
<> (p
.: x2)
proof
assume not x2
c= x1;
then
consider a be
object such that
A7: a
in x2 and
A8: not a
in x1;
not (p
. a)
in (p
.: x1)
proof
assume (p
. a)
in (p
.: x1);
then ex b be
object st b
in (
dom p) & b
in x1 & (p
. a)
= (p
. b) by
FUNCT_1:def 6;
hence contradiction by
A1,
A2,
A7,
A8;
end;
hence thesis by
A2,
A7,
FUNCT_1:def 6;
end;
assume x1
<> x2;
hence thesis by
A3,
A6,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:7
Th7: for a,b,c be
set st (
card a)
= (n
- 1) & (
card b)
= (n
- 1) & (
card c)
= (n
- 1) & (
card (a
/\ b))
= (n
- 2) & (
card (a
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) & (
card (b
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) & 2
<= n holds (3
<= n implies (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) & (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= (n
+ 1) or (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 3) & (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= n) & (n
= 2 implies (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) & (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= (n
+ 1))
proof
let a,b,c be
set;
assume that
A1: (
card a)
= (n
- 1) and
A2: (
card b)
= (n
- 1) and
A3: (
card c)
= (n
- 1) and
A4: (
card (a
/\ b))
= (n
- 2) and
A5: (
card (a
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) and
A6: (
card (b
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) and
A7: 2
<= n;
2
<= (n
+ 1) by
A7,
NAT_1: 13;
then
A8: (2
- 1)
<= ((n
+ 1)
- 1) by
XREAL_1: 13;
then a is
finite by
A1,
NAT_1: 21;
then
reconsider a as
finite
set;
A9: (
card (a
\ (a
/\ b)))
= ((n
- 1)
- (n
- 2)) by
A1,
A4,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
consider x1 be
object such that
A10:
{x1}
= (a
\ (a
/\ b)) by
CARD_2: 42;
b is
finite by
A2,
A8,
NAT_1: 21;
then
reconsider b as
finite
set;
(
card (b
\ (a
/\ b)))
= ((n
- 1)
- (n
- 2)) by
A2,
A4,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
consider x2 be
object such that
A11:
{x2}
= (b
\ (a
/\ b)) by
CARD_2: 42;
c is
finite by
A3,
A8,
NAT_1: 21;
then (
card (c
\ (a
/\ c)))
= ((n
- 1)
- (n
- 2)) by
A3,
A5,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
consider x3 be
object such that
A12:
{x3}
= (c
\ (a
/\ c)) by
CARD_2: 42;
A13: a
= ((a
/\ b)
\/
{x1}) by
A10,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
A14: ((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
= ((b
/\ c)
/\ a) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
A15: (a
/\ c)
c= a by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
A16: ((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
= ((a
/\ c)
/\ b) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
A17: b
= ((a
/\ b)
\/
{x2}) by
A11,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
x3
in
{x3} by
TARSKI:def 1;
then
A18: not x3
in (a
/\ c) by
A12,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A19: c
= ((a
/\ c)
\/
{x3}) by
A12,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
A20: x2
in
{x2} by
TARSKI:def 1;
then
A21: not x2
in (a
/\ b) by
A11,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A22: x1
in
{x1} by
TARSKI:def 1;
then
A23: not x1
in (a
/\ b) by
A10,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then
A24: x1
<> x2 by
A10,
A11,
A20,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
A25: (a
/\ b)
c= b by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
A26: 3
<= n implies (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) & (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= (n
+ 1) or (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 3) & (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= n
proof
assume 3
<= n;
A27: x1
in c implies (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 3) & (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= n
proof
((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
misses
{x1}
proof
assume ((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
meets
{x1};
then not (((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
/\
{x1})
=
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
then
consider x be
object such that
A28: x
in (((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
/\
{x1}) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
x
in
{x1} by
A28,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A29: x
= x1 by
TARSKI:def 1;
x
in ((a
/\ b)
/\ c) by
A28,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence contradiction by
A23,
A29,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
end;
then
A30: ((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
c= ((a
/\ c)
\
{x1}) by
A16,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 86;
((a
/\ c)
\
{x1})
c= b
proof
let z be
object;
assume
A31: z
in ((a
/\ c)
\
{x1});
then not z
in
{x1} by
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then z
in a & not z
in (a
\ (a
/\ b)) & not z
in a or z
in (a
/\ b) by
A10,
A31,
XBOOLE_0:def 4,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
hence thesis by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
end;
then ((a
/\ c)
\
{x1})
c= ((a
/\ c)
/\ b) by
XBOOLE_1: 19;
then
A32: ((a
/\ c)
\
{x1})
c= ((a
/\ b)
/\ c) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
A33: (a
/\ b)
misses
{x1, x2}
proof
assume (a
/\ b)
meets
{x1, x2};
then ((a
/\ b)
/\
{x1, x2})
<>
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
then
consider z1 be
object such that
A34: z1
in ((a
/\ b)
/\
{x1, x2}) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
z1
in (a
/\ b) & z1
in
{x1, x2} by
A34,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence contradiction by
A23,
A21,
TARSKI:def 2;
end;
assume x1
in c;
then x1
in (a
/\ c) by
A10,
A22,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A35:
{x1}
c= (a
/\ c) by
ZFMISC_1: 31;
(a
\/ b)
= ((a
/\ b)
\/ (
{x1}
\/
{x2})) by
A13,
A17,
XBOOLE_1: 5;
then
A36: (a
\/ b)
= ((a
/\ b)
\/
{x1, x2}) by
ENUMSET1: 1;
(
card
{x1})
= 1 by
CARD_1: 30;
then
A37: (
card ((a
/\ c)
\
{x1}))
= ((n
- 2)
- 1) by
A5,
A35,
CARD_2: 44;
then
A38: (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 3) by
A30,
A32,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
x3
= x2
proof
assume
A39: x2
<> x3;
(b
/\ c)
c= ((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
proof
let z1 be
object;
assume
A40: z1
in (b
/\ c);
then z1
in b by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then z1
in (a
/\ b) or z1
in
{x2} by
A17,
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
then
A41: z1
in (a
/\ b) or z1
= x2 by
TARSKI:def 1;
z1
in c by
A40,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then z1
in (a
/\ c) or z1
in
{x3} by
A19,
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
then (z1
in (a
/\ b) or z1
in
{x2}) & z1
in (a
/\ c) or z1
in (a
/\ b) & (z1
in (a
/\ c) or z1
in
{x3}) by
A39,
A41,
TARSKI:def 1;
hence thesis by
A25,
A11,
A12,
A16,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
end;
then (
Segm (
card (b
/\ c)))
c= (
Segm (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))) by
CARD_1: 11;
then ((
- 2)
+ n)
<= ((
- 3)
+ n) by
A6,
A38,
NAT_1: 39;
hence contradiction by
XREAL_1: 6;
end;
then
A42: c
c= (a
\/ b) by
A15,
A11,
A19,
XBOOLE_1: 13;
(
card
{x1, x2})
= 2 by
A24,
CARD_2: 57;
then (
card (a
\/ b))
= ((n
- 2)
+ 2) by
A4,
A36,
A33,
CARD_2: 40;
hence thesis by
A37,
A30,
A32,
A42,
XBOOLE_0:def 10,
XBOOLE_1: 12;
end;
not x1
in c implies (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) & (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= (n
+ 1)
proof
A43: x1
<> x3 by
A10,
A12,
A22,
A18,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
A44: (
card (a
\
{x1}))
= ((n
- 1)
- 1) by
A1,
A9,
A10,
CARD_2: 44;
assume
A45: not x1
in c;
A46: (a
/\ c)
misses
{x1} & (a
/\ b)
misses
{x1}
proof
assume not (a
/\ c)
misses
{x1} or not (a
/\ b)
misses
{x1};
then ((a
/\ c)
/\
{x1})
<>
{} or ((a
/\ b)
/\
{x1})
<>
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
then
consider z2 be
object such that
A47: z2
in ((a
/\ c)
/\
{x1}) or z2
in ((a
/\ b)
/\
{x1}) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
z2
in (a
/\ c) & z2
in
{x1} or z2
in (a
/\ b) & z2
in
{x1} by
A47,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then z2
in a & z2
in c & z2
= x1 or z2
in (a
/\ b) & z2
= x1 by
TARSKI:def 1,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence contradiction by
A10,
A22,
A45,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
end;
then (a
/\ c)
c= (a
\
{x1}) by
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 86;
then
A48: (a
/\ c)
= (a
\
{x1}) by
A5,
A44,
CARD_2: 102;
(a
/\ b)
c= (a
\
{x1}) by
A46,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 86;
then
A49: (a
/\ b)
= (a
\
{x1}) by
A4,
A44,
CARD_2: 102;
A50: (a
/\ b)
misses
{x1, x2, x3}
proof
assume not (a
/\ b)
misses
{x1, x2, x3};
then ((a
/\ b)
/\
{x1, x2, x3})
<>
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
then
consider z3 be
object such that
A51: z3
in ((a
/\ b)
/\
{x1, x2, x3}) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
z3
in (a
/\ b) & z3
in
{x1, x2, x3} by
A51,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence contradiction by
A23,
A21,
A18,
A48,
A49,
ENUMSET1:def 1;
end;
(a
\/ b)
= ((a
/\ b)
\/ (
{x1}
\/
{x2})) by
A13,
A17,
XBOOLE_1: 5;
then (a
\/ b)
= ((a
/\ b)
\/
{x1, x2}) by
ENUMSET1: 1;
then ((a
\/ b)
\/ c)
= ((a
/\ b)
\/ (
{x1, x2}
\/
{x3})) by
A19,
A48,
A49,
XBOOLE_1: 5;
then
A52: ((a
\/ b)
\/ c)
= ((a
/\ b)
\/
{x1, x2, x3}) by
ENUMSET1: 3;
((a
/\ b)
/\ (a
/\ c))
= (a
/\ b) by
A48,
A49;
then (((b
/\ a)
/\ a)
/\ c)
= (a
/\ b) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then
A53: ((b
/\ (a
/\ a))
/\ c)
= (a
/\ b) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then ((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
= (b
/\ c) by
A4,
A6,
A14,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then x2
<> x3 by
A11,
A12,
A20,
A21,
A53,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then (
card
{x1, x2, x3})
= 3 by
A24,
A43,
CARD_2: 58;
then (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= ((n
- 2)
+ 3) by
A4,
A52,
A50,
CARD_2: 40;
hence thesis by
A4,
A53;
end;
hence thesis by
A27;
end;
A54: x1
<> x3 by
A10,
A12,
A22,
A18,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
n
= 2 implies (
card ((a
/\ b)
/\ c))
= (n
- 2) & (
card ((a
\/ b)
\/ c))
= (n
+ 1)
proof
assume
A55: n
= 2;
then
A56: (a
/\ b)
=
{} by
A4;
then ((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
= (a
/\ c) by
A4,
A5;
then ((a
\/ b)
\/ c)
= (((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
\/ (
{x1, x2}
\/
{x3})) by
A10,
A11,
A12,
A56,
ENUMSET1: 1;
then
A57: ((a
\/ b)
\/ c)
= (((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
\/
{x1, x2, x3}) by
ENUMSET1: 3;
((a
/\ b)
/\ c)
= (b
/\ c) by
A4,
A6,
A56;
then x2
<> x3 by
A11,
A12,
A20,
A56,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence thesis by
A24,
A54,
A55,
A56,
A57,
CARD_2: 58;
end;
hence thesis by
A26;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:8
for P1,P2 be
IncProjStr st the IncProjStr of P1
= the IncProjStr of P2 holds for A1 be
POINT of P1, A2 be
POINT of P2 st A1
= A2 holds for L1 be
LINE of P1, L2 be
LINE of P2 st L1
= L2 holds A1
on L1 implies A2
on L2;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:9
Th9: for P1,P2 be
IncProjStr st the IncProjStr of P1
= the IncProjStr of P2 holds for A1 be
Subset of the
Points of P1 holds for A2 be
Subset of the
Points of P2 st A1
= A2 holds for L1 be
LINE of P1, L2 be
LINE of P2 st L1
= L2 holds A1
on L1 implies A2
on L2
proof
let P1,P2 be
IncProjStr;
assume
A1: the IncProjStr of P1
= the IncProjStr of P2;
let A1 be
Subset of the
Points of P1, A2 be
Subset of the
Points of P2;
assume
A2: A1
= A2;
let L1 be
LINE of P1, L2 be
LINE of P2;
assume that
A3: L1
= L2 and
A4: A1
on L1;
thus A2
on L2
proof
let A be
POINT of P2;
consider B be
POINT of P1 such that
A5: A
= B by
A1;
assume A
in A2;
then B
on L1 by
A2,
A4,
A5;
then
[A, L2]
in the
Inc of P2 by
A1,
A3,
A5;
hence thesis;
end;
end;
registration
cluster
with_non-trivial_lines
linear
up-2-rank
strict for
IncProjStr;
existence
proof
set P = the
IncSpace-like
strict
IncStruct;
take IT =
IncProjStr (# the
Points of P, the
Lines of P, the
Inc of P #);
thus for L be
LINE of IT holds ex A,B be
POINT of IT st A
<> B &
{A, B}
on L
proof
let L be
LINE of IT;
reconsider L9 = L as
LINE of P;
consider A9,B9 be
POINT of P such that
A1: A9
<> B9 &
{A9, B9}
on L9 by
INCSP_1:def 8;
reconsider A = A9, B = B9 as
POINT of IT;
take A, B;
thus thesis by
A1,
Th9;
end;
thus IT is
linear
proof
let A,B be
POINT of IT;
reconsider A9 = A, B9 = B as
POINT of P;
consider L9 be
LINE of P such that
A2:
{A9, B9}
on L9 by
INCSP_1:def 9;
reconsider L = L9 as
LINE of IT;
take L;
A9
on L9 & B9
on L9 by
A2,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
thus for A,B be
POINT of IT, K,L be
LINE of IT st A
<> B &
{A, B}
on K &
{A, B}
on L holds K
= L
proof
let A,B be
POINT of IT, K,L be
LINE of IT;
assume that
A3: A
<> B and
A4:
{A, B}
on K &
{A, B}
on L;
reconsider K9 = K, L9 = L as
LINE of P;
reconsider A9 = A, B9 = B as
POINT of P;
{A9, B9}
on K9 &
{A9, B9}
on L9 by
A4,
Th9;
hence thesis by
A3,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
thus thesis;
end;
end
begin
definition
mode
PartialLinearSpace is
with_non-trivial_lines
up-2-rank
IncProjStr;
end
definition
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set;
::
COMBGRAS:def1
func
G_ (k,X) ->
strict
PartialLinearSpace means
:
Def1: the
Points of it
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } & the
Lines of it
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } & the
Inc of it
= ((
RelIncl (
bool X))
/\
[:the
Points of it , the
Lines of it :]);
existence
proof
set L = { B where B be
Subset of X : (
card B)
= (k
+ 1) };
set P = { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k };
set I = ((
RelIncl (
bool X))
/\
[:P, L:]);
consider B be
set such that
A3: B
c= X & (
card B)
= (k
+ 1) by
A2,
CARD_FIL: 36;
B
in L by
A3;
then
reconsider L as non
empty
set;
k
<= (k
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 11;
then (
Segm k)
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then k
c= (
card X) by
A2;
then
consider A be
set such that
A4: A
c= X & (
card A)
= k by
CARD_FIL: 36;
A
in P by
A4;
then
reconsider P as non
empty
set;
reconsider I as
Relation of P, L by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
set G =
IncProjStr (# P, L, I #);
A5: G is
up-2-rank
proof
let a,b be
POINT of G;
let l1,l2 be
LINE of G;
assume that
A6: a
<> b and
A7:
{a, b}
on l1 and
A8:
{a, b}
on l2;
b
in P;
then
A9: ex B be
Subset of X st b
= B & (
card B)
= k;
a
in P;
then
A10: ex A be
Subset of X st a
= A & (
card A)
= k;
then
A11: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (a
\/ b)) by
A9,
A6,
Th1;
l1
in L;
then
A12: ex C be
Subset of X st l1
= C & (
card C)
= (k
+ 1);
then
A13: l1 is
finite;
A14: b
in
{a, b} by
TARSKI:def 2;
then b
on l1 by
A7;
then
[b, l1]
in I;
then
[b, l1]
in (
RelIncl (
bool X)) by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A15: b
c= l1 by
A9,
A12,
WELLORD2:def 1;
l2
in L;
then
A16: ex D be
Subset of X st l2
= D & (
card D)
= (k
+ 1);
then
A17: l2 is
finite;
A18: a
in
{a, b} by
TARSKI:def 2;
then a
on l2 by
A8;
then
[a, l2]
in I;
then
[a, l2]
in (
RelIncl (
bool X)) by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A19: a
c= l2 by
A10,
A16,
WELLORD2:def 1;
b
on l2 by
A14,
A8;
then
[b, l2]
in I;
then
[b, l2]
in (
RelIncl (
bool X)) by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A20: b
c= l2 by
A9,
A16,
WELLORD2:def 1;
then (a
\/ b)
c= l2 by
A19,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
card (a
\/ b))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A16,
CARD_1: 11;
then
A21: (
card (a
\/ b))
= (k
+ 1) by
A11,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
a
on l1 by
A18,
A7;
then
[a, l1]
in I;
then
[a, l1]
in (
RelIncl (
bool X)) by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then a
c= l1 by
A10,
A12,
WELLORD2:def 1;
then (a
\/ b)
= l1 by
A12,
A15,
A21,
A13,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
hence thesis by
A16,
A19,
A20,
A21,
A17,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
end;
G is
with_non-trivial_lines
proof
let l be
LINE of G;
l
in L;
then
consider C be
Subset of X such that
A22: l
= C and
A23: (
card C)
= (k
+ 1);
1
< (k
+ 1) by
A1,
XREAL_1: 29;
then (1
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 13;
then (
Segm 2)
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
consider a,b be
object such that
A24: a
in C and
A25: b
in C and
A26: a
<> b by
A23,
PENCIL_1: 2;
reconsider x = (C
\
{a}), y = (C
\
{b}) as
Subset of X;
(
card x)
= k by
A23,
A24,
STIRL2_1: 55;
then
A27: x
in P;
(
card y)
= k by
A23,
A25,
STIRL2_1: 55;
then y
in P;
then
reconsider x, y as
POINT of G by
A27;
take x, y;
not b
in
{a} by
A26,
TARSKI:def 1;
then b
in
{b} & b
in x by
A25,
TARSKI:def 1,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
hence x
<> y by
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A28: C
c= (
{a}
\/ C) & C
c= (
{b}
\/ C) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
{x, y}
on l
proof
let z be
POINT of G;
assume z
in
{x, y};
then
A29: z
= x or z
= y by
TARSKI:def 2;
then z
c= l by
A22,
A28,
XBOOLE_1: 43;
then
[z, l]
in (
RelIncl (
bool X)) by
A22,
A29,
WELLORD2:def 1;
then
[z, l]
in I by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence thesis;
end;
hence thesis;
end;
hence thesis by
A5;
end;
uniqueness ;
end
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:10
Th10: for k be
Nat holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) holds for L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) holds A
on L iff A
c= L
proof
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set;
assume
A1:
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
then
A2: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
Def1;
let A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
A
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A3: ex A1 be
Subset of X st A1
= A & (
card A1)
= k by
A2;
A4: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
Def1;
let L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X));
L
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A5: ex L1 be
Subset of X st L1
= L & (
card L1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A4;
A6: the
Inc of (
G_ (k,X))
= ((
RelIncl (
bool X))
/\
[:the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)), the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)):]) by
A1,
Def1;
thus A
on L implies A
c= L
proof
assume A
on L;
then
[A, L]
in the
Inc of (
G_ (k,X));
then
[A, L]
in (
RelIncl (
bool X)) by
A6,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence thesis by
A3,
A5,
WELLORD2:def 1;
end;
thus A
c= L implies A
on L
proof
assume A
c= L;
then
[A, L]
in (
RelIncl (
bool X)) by
A3,
A5,
WELLORD2:def 1;
then
[A, L]
in the
Inc of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A6,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence thesis;
end;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:11
Th11: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds (
G_ (k,X)) is
Vebleian
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set;
k
<= (k
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 11;
then
A1: (
Segm k)
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 39;
assume
A2:
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
then
A3: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
Def1;
let A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)), L1,L2,L3,L4 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A4: A1
on L1 and
A5: A2
on L1 and
A6: A3
on L2 and
A7: A4
on L2 and
A8: A5
on L1 & A5
on L2 and
A9: A1
on L3 and
A10: A3
on L3 and
A11: A2
on L4 and
A12: A4
on L4 and
A13: ( not A5
on L3) & not A5
on L4 and
A14: L1
<> L2;
A15: A2
c= L1 & A4
c= L2 by
A2,
A5,
A7,
Th10;
A16: A1
<> A3 & A2
<> A4
proof
assume A1
= A3 or A2
= A4;
then
{A1, A5}
on L1 &
{A1, A5}
on L2 or
{A2, A5}
on L1 &
{A2, A5}
on L2 by
A4,
A5,
A6,
A7,
A8,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A9,
A11,
A13,
A14,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
A17: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A2,
Def1;
A5
c= L1 & A5
c= L2 by
A2,
A8,
Th10;
then
A18: A5
c= (L1
/\ L2) by
XBOOLE_1: 19;
A5
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex B5 be
Subset of X st B5
= A5 & (
card B5)
= k by
A3;
then
A19: k
c= (
card (L1
/\ L2)) by
A18,
CARD_1: 11;
L2
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A20: ex K2 be
Subset of X st K2
= L2 & (
card K2)
= (k
+ 1) by
A17;
A3
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A21: ex B3 be
Subset of X st B3
= A3 & (
card B3)
= k by
A3;
A1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex B1 be
Subset of X st B1
= A1 & (
card B1)
= k by
A3;
then
A22: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A1
\/ A3)) by
A21,
A16,
Th1;
A23: A1
c= L1 & A3
c= L2 by
A2,
A4,
A6,
Th10;
L3
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A24: ex K3 be
Subset of X st K3
= L3 & (
card K3)
= (k
+ 1) by
A17;
then
A25: L3 is
finite;
A4
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A26: ex B4 be
Subset of X st B4
= A4 & (
card B4)
= k by
A3;
A2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex B2 be
Subset of X st B2
= A2 & (
card B2)
= k by
A3;
then
A27: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A2
\/ A4)) by
A26,
A16,
Th1;
L4
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A28: ex K4 be
Subset of X st K4
= L4 & (
card K4)
= (k
+ 1) by
A17;
then
A29: L4 is
finite;
A30: A2
c= L4 & A4
c= L4 by
A2,
A11,
A12,
Th10;
then (A2
\/ A4)
c= L4 by
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
card (A2
\/ A4))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A28,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card (A2
\/ A4))
= (k
+ 1) by
A27,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (A2
\/ A4)
= L4 by
A28,
A30,
A29,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A31: L4
c= (L1
\/ L2) by
A15,
XBOOLE_1: 13;
L1
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A32: ex K1 be
Subset of X st K1
= L1 & (
card K1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A17;
then (
card (L1
/\ L2))
in (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
A20,
A14,
Th1;
then (
card (L1
/\ L2))
in (
succ (
Segm k)) by
NAT_1: 38;
then (
card (L1
/\ L2))
c= k by
ORDINAL1: 22;
then (
card (L1
/\ L2))
= k by
A19,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A33: (
card (L1
\/ L2))
= (k
+ (2
* 1)) by
A32,
A20,
Th2;
A34: A1
c= L3 & A3
c= L3 by
A2,
A9,
A10,
Th10;
then (A1
\/ A3)
c= L3 by
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
card (A1
\/ A3))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A24,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card (A1
\/ A3))
= (k
+ 1) by
A22,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (A1
\/ A3)
= L3 by
A24,
A34,
A25,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then L3
c= (L1
\/ L2) by
A23,
XBOOLE_1: 13;
then (L3
\/ L4)
c= (L1
\/ L2) by
A31,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
card (L3
\/ L4))
c= (k
+ 2) by
A33,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card (L3
\/ L4))
in (
succ (k
+ 2)) by
ORDINAL1: 22;
then (
card (L3
\/ L4))
in (
Segm ((k
+ 1)
+ 1)) or (
card (L3
\/ L4))
= (k
+ 2) by
ORDINAL1: 8;
then (
card (L3
\/ L4))
in (
succ (
Segm (k
+ 1))) or (
card (L3
\/ L4))
= (k
+ 2) by
NAT_1: 38;
then
A35: (
card (L3
\/ L4))
c= (k
+ 1) or (
card (L3
\/ L4))
= (k
+ 2) by
ORDINAL1: 22;
(k
+ 1)
c= (
card (L3
\/ L4)) by
A24,
CARD_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then (
card (L3
\/ L4))
= ((k
+ 1)
+ (2
*
0 )) or (
card (L3
\/ L4))
= (k
+ (2
* 1)) by
A35,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then k
c= (
card (L3
/\ L4)) by
A24,
A28,
A1,
Th2;
then
consider B6 be
set such that
A36: B6
c= (L3
/\ L4) and
A37: (
card B6)
= k by
CARD_FIL: 36;
A38: (L3
/\ L4)
c= L3 by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then (L3
/\ L4)
c= X by
A24,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then
reconsider A6 = B6 as
Subset of X by
A36,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
A39: A6
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A3,
A37;
(L3
/\ L4)
c= L4 by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A40: B6
c= L4 by
A36;
reconsider A6 as
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A39;
take B6;
A6
c= B6 & B6
c= L3 by
A36,
A38;
hence thesis by
A2,
A40,
Th10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:12
Th12: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) holds for L1,L2,L3,L4 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st A1
on L1 & A2
on L1 & A3
on L2 & A4
on L2 & A5
on L1 & A5
on L2 & A1
on L3 & A3
on L3 & A2
on L4 & A4
on L4 & not A5
on L3 & not A5
on L4 & L1
<> L2 & L3
<> L4 holds ex A6 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) st A6
on L3 & A6
on L4 & A6
= ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4))
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set;
assume that
A1:
0
< k and
A2: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
A3: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A1,
A2,
Def1;
A4: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
A2,
Def1;
let A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)), L1,L2,L3,L4 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A5: A1
on L1 and
A6: A2
on L1 and
A7: A3
on L2 and
A8: A4
on L2 and
A9: A5
on L1 and
A10: A5
on L2 and
A11: A1
on L3 and
A12: A3
on L3 and
A13: A2
on L4 and
A14: A4
on L4 and
A15: not A5
on L3 and
A16: not A5
on L4 and
A17: L1
<> L2 and
A18: L3
<> L4;
A19: A1
c= L1 & A2
c= L1 by
A1,
A2,
A5,
A6,
Th10;
A20: A3
c= L2 & A4
c= L2 by
A1,
A2,
A7,
A8,
Th10;
A21: A5
c= L1 & A5
c= L2 by
A1,
A2,
A9,
A10,
Th10;
A5
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A22: ex B5 be
Subset of X st B5
= A5 & (
card B5)
= k by
A3;
A2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A23: ex B2 be
Subset of X st B2
= A2 & (
card B2)
= k by
A3;
then
A24: A2 is
finite;
reconsider k1 = (k
- 1) as
Element of
NAT by
A1,
NAT_1: 20;
L3
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A25: ex K3 be
Subset of X st K3
= L3 & (
card K3)
= (k
+ 1) by
A4;
then
A26: L3 is
finite;
L4
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex K4 be
Subset of X st K4
= L4 & (
card K4)
= (k
+ 1) by
A4;
then (
card (L3
/\ L4))
in (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
A25,
A18,
Th1;
then (
card (L3
/\ L4))
in (
succ (
Segm k)) by
NAT_1: 38;
then
A27: (
card (L3
/\ L4))
c= k by
ORDINAL1: 22;
A1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A28: ex B1 be
Subset of X st B1
= A1 & (
card B1)
= k by
A3;
then
A29: A1 is
finite;
(
G_ (k,X)) is
Vebleian by
A1,
A2,
Th11;
then
consider A6 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A30: A6
on L3 and
A31: A6
on L4 by
A5,
A6,
A7,
A8,
A9,
A10,
A11,
A12,
A13,
A14,
A15,
A16,
A17;
A6
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A32: ex a6 be
Subset of X st a6
= A6 & (
card a6)
= k by
A3;
then
A33: A6 is
finite;
A34: A6
c= L3 & A6
c= L4 by
A1,
A2,
A30,
A31,
Th10;
then A6
c= (L3
/\ L4) by
XBOOLE_1: 19;
then k
c= (
card (L3
/\ L4)) by
A32,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card (L3
/\ L4))
= k by
A27,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A35: (L3
/\ L4)
= A6 by
A32,
A34,
A26,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 19;
L2
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A36: ex K2 be
Subset of X st K2
= L2 & (
card K2)
= (k
+ 1) by
A4;
then
A37: L2 is
finite;
A4
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A38: ex B4 be
Subset of X st B4
= A4 & (
card B4)
= k by
A3;
then
A39: A4 is
finite;
L1
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A40: ex K1 be
Subset of X st K1
= L1 & (
card K1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A4;
then
A41: L1 is
finite;
A3
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A42: ex B3 be
Subset of X st B3
= A3 & (
card B3)
= k by
A3;
then
A43: A3 is
finite;
A44: A3
c= L3 & A4
c= L4 by
A1,
A2,
A12,
A14,
Th10;
then
A45: (A3
/\ A4)
c= A6 by
A35,
XBOOLE_1: 27;
A46: A1
c= L3 & A2
c= L4 by
A1,
A2,
A11,
A13,
Th10;
then
A47: (A1
/\ A2)
c= A6 by
A35,
XBOOLE_1: 27;
then
A48: ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4))
c= A6 by
A45,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A49: not A6
on L1 implies A6
= ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4))
proof
assume
A50: not A6
on L1;
A51: not A6
on L2 implies A6
= ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4))
proof
A52: (A1
\/ A2)
c= L1 by
A19,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A53: (
card (A1
\/ A2))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A40,
CARD_1: 11;
A54: (A3
\/ A4)
c= L2 by
A20,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A55: (
card (A3
\/ A4))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A36,
CARD_1: 11;
A56: (
card A3)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A42;
(
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
c= k by
A32,
A48,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
in (
succ k) by
ORDINAL1: 22;
then (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
in (
Segm (k1
+ 1)) or (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
= k by
ORDINAL1: 8;
then (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
in (
succ (
Segm k1)) or (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
= k by
NAT_1: 38;
then
A57: (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
c= (
Segm k1) or (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
= k by
ORDINAL1: 22;
A58: (
card A1)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A28;
assume
A59: not A6
on L2;
A60: A1
<> A2 & A3
<> A4
proof
assume A1
= A2 or A3
= A4;
then
{A1, A6}
on L3 &
{A1, A6}
on L4 or
{A3, A6}
on L3 &
{A3, A6}
on L4 by
A11,
A12,
A13,
A14,
A30,
A31,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A5,
A7,
A18,
A50,
A59,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A1
\/ A2)) by
A28,
A23,
Th1;
then (
card (A1
\/ A2))
= (k1
+ (2
* 1)) by
A53,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A61: (
card (A1
/\ A2))
= k1 by
A23,
A58,
Th2;
(k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A3
\/ A4)) by
A42,
A38,
A60,
Th1;
then (
card (A3
\/ A4))
= (k1
+ (2
* 1)) by
A55,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A62: (
card (A3
/\ A4))
= k1 by
A38,
A56,
Th2;
A63: not (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
= (k
- 1)
proof
A64: A5
c= (L1
/\ L2) by
A21,
XBOOLE_1: 19;
A65: ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ (A3
/\ A4))
c= (A1
/\ A2) by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
A66: (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
= ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ (A3
/\ A4)) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
A67: (A1
/\ A2)
c= A1 by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A68: A1
= ((((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
\/ (A1
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4))) by
A65,
A66,
XBOOLE_1: 1,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
assume
A69: (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
= (k
- 1);
then (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
= (k1
+ (2
*
0 ));
then
A70: (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ (A3
/\ A4)))
= k1 by
A61,
A62,
Th2;
then
A71: ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ (A3
/\ A4))
= ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)) by
A29,
A43,
A69,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 29;
then (
card (A1
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)))
= (k
- (k
- 1)) by
A28,
A29,
A69,
A67,
A65,
A66,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then
consider x1 be
object such that
A72: (A1
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4))
=
{x1} by
CARD_2: 42;
A73: (A1
/\ A2)
c= A2 by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A74: A2
= ((((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
\/ (A2
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4))) by
A65,
A66,
XBOOLE_1: 1,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
(
card (A2
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)))
= (k
- (k
- 1)) by
A23,
A24,
A69,
A73,
A65,
A71,
A66,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then
consider x2 be
object such that
A75: (A2
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4))
=
{x2} by
CARD_2: 42;
x1
in
{x1} by
TARSKI:def 1;
then
A76: not x1
in (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4) by
A72,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A77: ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ (A3
/\ A4))
c= (A3
/\ A4) by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
A78: (A3
/\ A4)
c= A4 by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A79: A4
= ((((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
\/ (A4
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4))) by
A77,
A66,
XBOOLE_1: 1,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
(
card (A4
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)))
= (k
- (k
- 1)) by
A38,
A39,
A69,
A78,
A77,
A71,
A66,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then
consider x4 be
object such that
A80: (A4
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4))
=
{x4} by
CARD_2: 42;
A81: (A3
/\ A4)
c= A3 by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A82: A3
= ((((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
\/ (A3
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4))) by
A77,
A66,
XBOOLE_1: 1,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
(
card (A3
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)))
= (k
- (k
- 1)) by
A42,
A43,
A69,
A81,
A77,
A71,
A66,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then
consider x3 be
object such that
A83: (A3
\ (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4))
=
{x3} by
CARD_2: 42;
(k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A3
\/ A4)) & (
card (A3
\/ A4))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A42,
A38,
A36,
A60,
A54,
Th1,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card (A3
\/ A4))
= (k
+ 1) by
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (A3
\/ A4)
= L2 by
A36,
A20,
A37,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A84: L2
= ((((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
\/ (
{x3}
\/
{x4})) by
A83,
A80,
A82,
A79,
XBOOLE_1: 5;
then
A85: L2
= ((((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
\/
{x3, x4}) by
ENUMSET1: 1;
A86: x1
<> x3 & x1
<> x4 & x2
<> x3 & x2
<> x4
proof
assume x1
= x3 or x1
= x4 or x2
= x3 or x2
= x4;
then
{A1, A5}
on L1 &
{A1, A5}
on L2 or
{A1, A5}
on L1 &
{A1, A5}
on L2 or
{A2, A5}
on L1 &
{A2, A5}
on L2 or
{A2, A5}
on L1 &
{A2, A5}
on L2 by
A5,
A6,
A7,
A8,
A9,
A10,
A72,
A75,
A83,
A80,
A68,
A74,
A82,
A79,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A11,
A13,
A15,
A16,
A17,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
x2
in
{x2} by
TARSKI:def 1;
then
A87: not x2
in (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4) by
A75,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
(k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A1
\/ A2)) & (
card (A1
\/ A2))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A28,
A23,
A40,
A60,
A52,
Th1,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card (A1
\/ A2))
= (k
+ 1) by
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (A1
\/ A2)
= L1 by
A40,
A19,
A41,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A88: L1
= ((((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
\/ (
{x1}
\/
{x2})) by
A72,
A75,
A68,
A74,
XBOOLE_1: 5;
then
A89: L1
= ((((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
\/
{x1, x2}) by
ENUMSET1: 1;
A90: (L1
/\ L2)
c= (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
proof
assume not (L1
/\ L2)
c= (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4);
then
consider x be
object such that
A91: x
in (L1
/\ L2) and
A92: not x
in (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4);
x
in L1 by
A91,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A93: x
in
{x1, x2} by
A89,
A92,
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
x
in L2 by
A91,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then x1
in L2 or x2
in L2 by
A93,
TARSKI:def 2;
then x1
in
{x3, x4} or x2
in
{x3, x4} by
A85,
A76,
A87,
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
hence contradiction by
A86,
TARSKI:def 2;
end;
A94: (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
c= L2 by
A84,
XBOOLE_1: 10;
(((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
c= L1 by
A88,
XBOOLE_1: 10;
then (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4)
c= (L1
/\ L2) by
A94,
XBOOLE_1: 19;
then (L1
/\ L2)
= (((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)
/\ A4) by
A90,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (
card (
Segm k))
c= (
card (
Segm k1)) by
A22,
A70,
A66,
A64,
CARD_1: 11;
then
A95: k
<= k1 by
NAT_1: 40;
k1
<= (k1
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 11;
then k
= (k
- 1) by
A95,
XXREAL_0: 1;
hence contradiction;
end;
(k
- 1)
c= (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4))) by
A61,
CARD_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4)))
= k by
A57,
A63,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
hence thesis by
A32,
A33,
A47,
A45,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
end;
A6
on L2 implies A6
= ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4))
proof
assume
A96: A6
on L2;
A97: A4
= A6
proof
assume
A98: A4
<> A6;
{A4, A6}
on L2 &
{A4, A6}
on L4 by
A8,
A14,
A31,
A96,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A10,
A16,
A98,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
A3
= A6
proof
assume
A99: A3
<> A6;
{A3, A6}
on L2 &
{A3, A6}
on L3 by
A7,
A12,
A30,
A96,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A10,
A15,
A99,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
hence thesis by
A46,
A35,
A97,
XBOOLE_1: 12,
XBOOLE_1: 27;
end;
hence thesis by
A51;
end;
A6
on L1 implies A6
= ((A1
/\ A2)
\/ (A3
/\ A4))
proof
assume
A100: A6
on L1;
A101: A1
= A6
proof
assume
A102: A1
<> A6;
{A1, A6}
on L1 &
{A1, A6}
on L3 by
A5,
A11,
A30,
A100,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A9,
A15,
A102,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
A2
= A6
proof
assume
A103: A2
<> A6;
{A2, A6}
on L1 &
{A2, A6}
on L4 by
A6,
A13,
A31,
A100,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A9,
A16,
A103,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
hence thesis by
A44,
A35,
A101,
XBOOLE_1: 12,
XBOOLE_1: 27;
end;
hence thesis by
A30,
A31,
A49;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:13
for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds (
G_ (k,X)) is
Desarguesian
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set;
assume that
A1:
0
< k and
A2: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
let o,b1,a1,b2,a2,b3,a3,r,s,t be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
let C1,C2,C3,A1,A2,A3,B1,B2,B3 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A3:
{o, b1, a1}
on C1 and
A4:
{o, a2, b2}
on C2 and
A5:
{o, a3, b3}
on C3 and
A6:
{a3, a2, t}
on A1 and
A7:
{a3, r, a1}
on A2 and
A8:
{a2, s, a1}
on A3 and
A9:
{t, b2, b3}
on B1 and
A10:
{b1, r, b3}
on B2 and
A11:
{b1, s, b2}
on B3 and
A12: (C1,C2,C3)
are_mutually_distinct and
A13: o
<> a1 and
A14: o
<> a2 & o
<> a3 and
A15: o
<> b1 and
A16: o
<> b2 & o
<> b3 and
A17: a1
<> b1 and
A18: a2
<> b2 and
A19: a3
<> b3;
A20: o
on C1 by
A3,
INCSP_1: 2;
A21: b2
on C2 by
A4,
INCSP_1: 2;
then
A22: b2
c= C2 by
A1,
A2,
Th10;
A23: a2
on C2 by
A4,
INCSP_1: 2;
then
A24:
{a2, b2}
on C2 by
A21,
INCSP_1: 1;
A25: o
on C2 by
A4,
INCSP_1: 2;
then
A26:
{o, b2}
on C2 by
A21,
INCSP_1: 1;
A27:
{o, a2}
on C2 by
A25,
A23,
INCSP_1: 1;
A28: a3
on A1 & a2
on A1 by
A6,
INCSP_1: 2;
A29: b3
on B2 by
A10,
INCSP_1: 2;
A30: b3
on C3 by
A5,
INCSP_1: 2;
then
A31: b3
c= C3 by
A1,
A2,
Th10;
A32: a3
on C3 by
A5,
INCSP_1: 2;
then
A33:
{a3, b3}
on C3 by
A30,
INCSP_1: 1;
A34: o
on C3 by
A5,
INCSP_1: 2;
then
A35:
{o, b3}
on C3 by
A30,
INCSP_1: 1;
A36:
{o, a3}
on C3 by
A34,
A32,
INCSP_1: 1;
A37: a3
on A2 & a1
on A2 by
A7,
INCSP_1: 2;
A38: b1
on B3 by
A11,
INCSP_1: 2;
A39: C1
<> C3 by
A12,
ZFMISC_1:def 5;
A40: b1
on B2 by
A10,
INCSP_1: 2;
A41: C2
<> C3 by
A12,
ZFMISC_1:def 5;
A42: b3
on B1 by
A9,
INCSP_1: 2;
A43: C1
<> C2 by
A12,
ZFMISC_1:def 5;
A44: b2
on B1 by
A9,
INCSP_1: 2;
A45: a1
on C1 by
A3,
INCSP_1: 2;
then
A46: a1
c= C1 by
A1,
A2,
Th10;
A47: b1
on C1 by
A3,
INCSP_1: 2;
then
A48:
{o, b1}
on C1 by
A20,
INCSP_1: 1;
A49: b2
on B3 by
A11,
INCSP_1: 2;
A50:
{a1, b1}
on C1 by
A47,
A45,
INCSP_1: 1;
A51: not a1
on B2 & not a2
on B3 & not a3
on B1
proof
assume a1
on B2 or a2
on B3 or a3
on B1;
then
{a1, b1}
on B2 or
{a2, b2}
on B3 or
{a3, b3}
on B1 by
A42,
A40,
A49,
INCSP_1: 1;
then b3
on C1 or b1
on C2 or b2
on C3 by
A17,
A18,
A19,
A44,
A29,
A38,
A50,
A24,
A33,
INCSP_1:def 10;
then
{o, b3}
on C1 or
{o, b1}
on C2 or
{o, b2}
on C3 by
A20,
A25,
A34,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A15,
A16,
A48,
A26,
A35,
A43,
A41,
A39,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
A52: s
on A3 & s
on B3 by
A8,
A11,
INCSP_1: 2;
A53: t
on B1 by
A9,
INCSP_1: 2;
A54: r
on A2 & r
on B2 by
A7,
A10,
INCSP_1: 2;
A55: t
on A1 by
A6,
INCSP_1: 2;
A56: a1
on A3 by
A8,
INCSP_1: 2;
A57: a2
on A3 by
A8,
INCSP_1: 2;
A58: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
A2,
Def1;
A59:
{o, a1}
on C1 by
A20,
A45,
INCSP_1: 1;
A60: not o
on A1 & not o
on B1 & not o
on A2 & not o
on B2 & not o
on A3 & not o
on B3
proof
assume o
on A1 or o
on B1 or o
on A2 or o
on B2 or o
on A3 or o
on B3;
then
{o, a2}
on A1 &
{o, a3}
on A1 or
{o, b2}
on B1 &
{o, b3}
on B1 or
{o, a1}
on A2 &
{o, a3}
on A2 or
{o, b1}
on B2 &
{o, b3}
on B2 or
{o, a2}
on A3 &
{o, a1}
on A3 or
{o, b2}
on B3 &
{o, b1}
on B3 by
A28,
A37,
A57,
A56,
A44,
A42,
A40,
A29,
A38,
A49,
INCSP_1: 1;
then A1
= C2 & A1
= C3 or B1
= C2 & B1
= C3 or A2
= C1 & A2
= C3 or B2
= C1 & B2
= C3 or A3
= C2 & A3
= C1 or B3
= C2 & B3
= C1 by
A13,
A14,
A15,
A16,
A59,
A27,
A36,
A48,
A26,
A35,
INCSP_1:def 10;
hence contradiction by
A12,
ZFMISC_1:def 5;
end;
then
consider salpha be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A61: salpha
on A3 & salpha
on B3 and
A62: salpha
= ((a1
/\ b1)
\/ (a2
/\ b2)) by
A1,
A2,
A20,
A47,
A45,
A25,
A23,
A21,
A57,
A56,
A38,
A49,
A43,
A51,
Th12;
consider ralpha be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A63: ralpha
on B2 & ralpha
on A2 and
A64: ralpha
= ((a1
/\ b1)
\/ (a3
/\ b3)) by
A1,
A2,
A20,
A47,
A45,
A34,
A32,
A30,
A37,
A40,
A29,
A39,
A51,
A60,
Th12;
A65: (((a1
/\ b1)
\/ (a3
/\ b3))
\/ (a2
/\ b2))
= ((a1
/\ b1)
\/ ((a3
/\ b3)
\/ (a2
/\ b2))) by
XBOOLE_1: 4;
consider talpha be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A66: talpha
on A1 & talpha
on B1 and
A67: talpha
= ((a2
/\ b2)
\/ (a3
/\ b3)) by
A1,
A2,
A25,
A23,
A21,
A34,
A32,
A30,
A28,
A44,
A42,
A41,
A51,
A60,
Th12;
A68: A1
<> B1 & A2
<> B2 by
A6,
A7,
A51,
INCSP_1: 2;
A69: r
= ralpha & s
= salpha & t
= talpha
proof
A70:
{s, salpha}
on A3 &
{s, salpha}
on B3 by
A52,
A61,
INCSP_1: 1;
A71:
{r, ralpha}
on A2 &
{r, ralpha}
on B2 by
A54,
A63,
INCSP_1: 1;
assume
A72: r
<> ralpha or s
<> salpha or t
<> talpha;
{t, talpha}
on A1 &
{t, talpha}
on B1 by
A55,
A53,
A66,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A57,
A51,
A68,
A72,
A71,
A70,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
then (r
\/ s)
= ((((a3
/\ b3)
\/ (a1
/\ b1))
\/ (a1
/\ b1))
\/ (a2
/\ b2)) by
A62,
A64,
XBOOLE_1: 4;
then (r
\/ s)
= (((a3
/\ b3)
\/ ((a1
/\ b1)
\/ (a1
/\ b1)))
\/ (a2
/\ b2)) by
XBOOLE_1: 4;
then
A73: ((r
\/ s)
\/ t)
= (((a1
/\ b1)
\/ (a3
/\ b3))
\/ (a2
/\ b2)) by
A67,
A69,
A65,
XBOOLE_1: 7,
XBOOLE_1: 12;
a2
c= C2 by
A1,
A2,
A23,
Th10;
then
A74: (a2
\/ b2)
c= C2 by
A22,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
r
c= (r
\/ (s
\/ t)) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then
A75: r
c= ((r
\/ s)
\/ t) by
XBOOLE_1: 4;
C1
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
consider C11 be
Subset of X such that
A76: C11
= C1 & (
card C11)
= (k
+ 1) by
A58;
reconsider C1 as
finite
set by
A76;
A77: b1
c= C1 by
A1,
A2,
A47,
Th10;
then (a1
\/ b1)
c= C1 by
A46,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A78: (
card (a1
\/ b1))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A76,
CARD_1: 11;
A79: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A1,
A2,
Def1;
o
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A80: ex o1 be
Subset of X st o1
= o & (
card o1)
= k by
A79;
b1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A81: ex b11 be
Subset of X st b11
= b1 & (
card b11)
= k by
A79;
a3
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A82: ex a13 be
Subset of X st a13
= a3 & (
card a13)
= k by
A79;
then
A83: (
card a3)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1);
t
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A84: ex t1 be
Subset of X st t1
= t & (
card t1)
= k by
A79;
then
A85: t is
finite;
a2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A86: ex a12 be
Subset of X st a12
= a2 & (
card a12)
= k by
A79;
then
A87: (
card a2)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1);
s
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A88: ex s1 be
Subset of X st s1
= s & (
card s1)
= k by
A79;
then
A89: s is
finite;
a1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A90: ex a11 be
Subset of X st a11
= a1 & (
card a11)
= k by
A79;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (a1
\/ b1)) by
A81,
A17,
Th1;
then
A91: (
card (a1
\/ b1))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A78,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
A92: (k
- 1) is
Element of
NAT by
A1,
NAT_1: 20;
C2
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex C12 be
Subset of X st C12
= C2 & (
card C12)
= (k
+ 1) by
A58;
then
A93: (
card (a2
\/ b2))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A74,
CARD_1: 11;
b2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A94: ex b12 be
Subset of X st b12
= b2 & (
card b12)
= k by
A79;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (a2
\/ b2)) by
A86,
A18,
Th1;
then
A95: (
card (a2
\/ b2))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A93,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A96: (
card (a2
/\ b2))
= (k
- 1) by
A92,
A94,
A87,
Th2;
A97: (
card (a2
/\ b2))
= ((k
- 2)
+ 1) by
A92,
A94,
A95,
A87,
Th2;
A98: (
card a1)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A90;
then
A99: (
card (a1
/\ b1))
= (k
- 1) by
A92,
A81,
A91,
Th2;
a3
c= C3 by
A1,
A2,
A32,
Th10;
then
A100: (a3
\/ b3)
c= C3 by
A31,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
s
c= (s
\/ (r
\/ t)) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then
A101: s
c= ((r
\/ s)
\/ t) by
XBOOLE_1: 4;
(
0
+ 1)
< (k
+ 1) by
A1,
XREAL_1: 8;
then 1
<= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 13;
then 1
<= (k
- 1) or k
= 1 by
A92,
NAT_1: 8;
then
A102: (1
+ 1)
<= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) or k
= 1 by
XREAL_1: 6;
A103: o
c= C1 by
A1,
A2,
A20,
Th10;
A104: not k
= 1
proof
assume
A105: k
= 1;
then
consider z1 be
object such that
A106: o
=
{z1} by
A80,
CARD_2: 42;
consider z3 be
object such that
A107: b1
=
{z3} by
A81,
A105,
CARD_2: 42;
consider z2 be
object such that
A108: a1
=
{z2} by
A90,
A105,
CARD_2: 42;
(o
\/ a1)
c= C1 by
A103,
A46,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then ((o
\/ a1)
\/ b1)
c= C1 by
A77,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
{z1, z2}
\/ b1)
c= C1 by
A106,
A108,
ENUMSET1: 1;
then
A109:
{z1, z2, z3}
c= C1 by
A107,
ENUMSET1: 3;
(
card
{z1, z2, z3})
= 3 by
A13,
A15,
A17,
A106,
A108,
A107,
CARD_2: 58;
then (
Segm 3)
c= (
Segm (
card C1)) by
A109,
CARD_1: 11;
hence contradiction by
A76,
A105,
NAT_1: 39;
end;
then
A110: (k
- 2) is
Element of
NAT by
A102,
NAT_1: 21;
C3
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex C13 be
Subset of X st C13
= C3 & (
card C13)
= (k
+ 1) by
A58;
then
A111: (
card (a3
\/ b3))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A100,
CARD_1: 11;
b3
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A112: ex b13 be
Subset of X st b13
= b3 & (
card b13)
= k by
A79;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (a3
\/ b3)) by
A82,
A19,
Th1;
then
A113: (
card (a3
\/ b3))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A111,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A114: (
card (a3
/\ b3))
= (k
- 1) by
A92,
A112,
A83,
Th2;
r
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A115: ex r1 be
Subset of X st r1
= r & (
card r1)
= k by
A79;
then (r
\/ s)
c= X by
A88,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A116: ((r
\/ s)
\/ t)
c= X by
A84,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A117: (
card (a3
/\ b3))
= ((k
- 2)
+ 1) by
A92,
A112,
A113,
A83,
Th2;
A118: (
card (a1
/\ b1))
= ((k
- 2)
+ 1) by
A92,
A81,
A91,
A98,
Th2;
(
card ((a1
/\ b1)
\/ (a2
/\ b2)))
= ((k
- 2)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A62,
A69,
A88;
then
A119: (
card ((a1
/\ b1)
/\ (a2
/\ b2)))
= (k
- 2) by
A110,
A118,
A97,
Th2;
(
card ((a2
/\ b2)
\/ (a3
/\ b3)))
= ((k
- 2)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A67,
A69,
A84;
then
A120: (
card ((a2
/\ b2)
/\ (a3
/\ b3)))
= (k
- 2) by
A110,
A97,
A117,
Th2;
(
card ((a1
/\ b1)
\/ (a3
/\ b3)))
= ((k
- 2)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A64,
A69,
A115;
then
A121: (
card ((a1
/\ b1)
/\ (a3
/\ b3)))
= (k
- 2) by
A110,
A118,
A117,
Th2;
A122: t
c= ((r
\/ s)
\/ t) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
A123: k
= 2 implies ex O be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{r, s, t}
on O
proof
assume k
= 2;
then (
card ((r
\/ s)
\/ t))
= (k
+ 1) by
A99,
A96,
A114,
A73,
A121,
A120,
A119,
Th7;
then ((r
\/ s)
\/ t)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A58,
A116;
then
consider O be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A124: O
= ((r
\/ s)
\/ t);
A125: t
on O by
A1,
A2,
A122,
A124,
Th10;
r
on O & s
on O by
A1,
A2,
A75,
A101,
A124,
Th10;
then
{r, s, t}
on O by
A125,
INCSP_1: 2;
hence thesis;
end;
A126: r is
finite by
A115;
A127: 3
<= k implies ex O be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{r, s, t}
on O
proof
A128: (
card ((r
\/ s)
\/ t))
= (k
+ 1) implies ex O be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{r, s, t}
on O
proof
assume (
card ((r
\/ s)
\/ t))
= (k
+ 1);
then ((r
\/ s)
\/ t)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A58,
A116;
then
consider O be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A129: O
= ((r
\/ s)
\/ t);
A130: t
on O by
A1,
A2,
A122,
A129,
Th10;
r
on O & s
on O by
A1,
A2,
A75,
A101,
A129,
Th10;
then
{r, s, t}
on O by
A130,
INCSP_1: 2;
hence thesis;
end;
A131: (
card ((r
\/ s)
\/ t))
= k implies ex O be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{r, s, t}
on O
proof
assume
A132: (
card ((r
\/ s)
\/ t))
= k;
then
A133: t
= ((r
\/ s)
\/ t) by
A84,
A126,
A89,
A85,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
r
= ((r
\/ s)
\/ t) & s
= ((r
\/ s)
\/ t) by
A115,
A88,
A126,
A89,
A85,
A75,
A101,
A132,
CARD_2: 102;
then
{r, s, t}
on A1 by
A55,
A133,
INCSP_1: 2;
hence thesis;
end;
assume 3
<= k;
hence thesis by
A99,
A96,
A114,
A73,
A102,
A121,
A120,
A119,
A128,
A131,
Th7;
end;
k
= 2 or 2
<= (k
- 1) by
A92,
A104,
A102,
NAT_1: 8;
then k
= 2 or (2
+ 1)
<= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
XREAL_1: 6;
hence thesis by
A123,
A127;
end;
definition
let S be
IncProjStr;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S;
::
COMBGRAS:def2
attr K is
clique means for A,B be
POINT of S st A
in K & B
in K holds ex L be
LINE of S st
{A, B}
on L;
end
definition
let S be
IncProjStr;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S;
::
COMBGRAS:def3
attr K is
maximal_clique means K is
clique & for U be
Subset of the
Points of S st U is
clique & K
c= U holds U
= K;
end
definition
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set;
let T be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
::
COMBGRAS:def4
attr T is
STAR means ex S be
Subset of X st (
card S)
= (k
- 1) & T
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S
c= A };
::
COMBGRAS:def5
attr T is
TOP means ex S be
Subset of X st (
card S)
= (k
+ 1) & T
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & A
c= S };
end
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:14
Th14: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st 2
<= k & (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X) holds for K be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds K is
STAR or K is
TOP implies K is
maximal_clique
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set;
assume that
A1: 2
<= k and
A2: (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X);
A3: (k
- 2) is
Element of
NAT by
A1,
NAT_1: 21;
then
reconsider k2 = (k
- 2) as
Nat;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
A4: (
succ (
Segm k))
= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
A5: (
succ (
Segm (k
+ 1)))
= (
Segm ((k
+ 1)
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
(k
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 2) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then (
Segm (k
+ 1))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 2)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A6: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) by
A2;
then
A7: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A1,
Def1;
A8: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
A6,
Def1;
reconsider k1 = (k
- 1) as
Element of
NAT by
A1,
NAT_1: 21,
XXREAL_0: 2;
A9: (
succ (
Segm k1))
= (
Segm (k1
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
A10: K is
STAR implies K is
maximal_clique
proof
assume K is
STAR;
then
consider S be
Subset of X such that
A11: (
card S)
= (k
- 1) and
A12: K
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S
c= A };
A13: S is
finite by
A1,
A11,
NAT_1: 21,
XXREAL_0: 2;
A14: for U be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) st U is
clique & K
c= U holds U
= K
proof
A15: (
succ (
Segm k2))
= (
Segm (k2
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
let U be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A16: U is
clique and
A17: K
c= U and
A18: U
<> K;
not U
c= K by
A17,
A18,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
consider A be
object such that
A19: A
in U and
A20: not A
in K;
reconsider A as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
consider A2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A21: A2
= A by
A19;
(
card (S
/\ A))
c= (k
- 1) by
A11,
CARD_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then (
card (S
/\ A))
in (
succ k1) by
ORDINAL1: 22;
then
A22: (
card (S
/\ A))
in (
succ (k
- 2)) or (
card (S
/\ A))
= (k
- 1) by
A15,
ORDINAL1: 8;
A23: (S
/\ A)
c= S & (S
/\ A)
c= A by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
A
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A19;
then
consider A1 be
Subset of X such that
A24: A1
= A & (
card A1)
= k by
A7;
not S
c= A by
A12,
A20,
A24;
then
A25: (
card (S
/\ A))
c= (k
- 2) by
A3,
A11,
A13,
A23,
A22,
CARD_2: 102,
ORDINAL1: 22;
A26: not (X
\ (A
\/ S))
<>
{}
proof
A27: (
succ (
Segm k2))
= (
Segm (k2
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
assume (X
\ (A
\/ S))
<>
{} ;
then
consider y be
object such that
A28: y
in (X
\ (A
\/ S)) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
A29: not y
in (A
\/ S) by
A28,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then
A30: not y
in S by
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
then
A31: (
card (S
\/
{y}))
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A11,
A13,
CARD_2: 41;
A32:
{y}
c= X by
A28,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then (S
\/
{y})
c= X by
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (S
\/
{y})
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A7,
A31;
then
consider B be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A33: B
= (S
\/
{y});
A34: not y
in A by
A29,
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
(A
/\ B)
c= (A
/\ S)
proof
let a be
object;
assume
A35: a
in (A
/\ B);
then a
in (S
\/
{y}) by
A33,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A36: a
in S or a
in
{y} by
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
a
in A by
A35,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence thesis by
A34,
A36,
TARSKI:def 1,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
end;
then (
card (A
/\ B))
c= (
card (A
/\ S)) by
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card (A
/\ B))
c= (k
- 2) by
A25;
then
A37: (
card (A
/\ B))
in (k
- 1) by
A27,
ORDINAL1: 22;
A38: not ex L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{A2, B}
on L
proof
A
<> B by
A33,
A34,
XBOOLE_1: 7,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A39: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A
\/ B)) by
A24,
A31,
A33,
Th1;
assume ex L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{A2, B}
on L;
then
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A40:
{A2, B}
on L;
B
on L by
A40,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A41: B
c= L by
A1,
A6,
Th10;
L
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A42: ex L1 be
Subset of X st L
= L1 & (
card L1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A8;
A2
on L by
A40,
INCSP_1: 1;
then A
c= L by
A1,
A6,
A21,
Th10;
then (A
\/ B)
c= L by
A41,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
card (A
\/ B))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A42,
CARD_1: 11;
then
A43: (
card (A
\/ B))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A39,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
(
card B)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A11,
A13,
A30,
A33,
CARD_2: 41;
then (
card (A
/\ B))
= k1 by
A24,
A43,
Th2;
hence contradiction by
A37;
end;
A44: S
c= B by
A33,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
B
c= X by
A32,
A33,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then B
in K by
A12,
A31,
A33,
A44;
hence contradiction by
A16,
A17,
A19,
A21,
A38;
end;
k1
< (k1
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 13;
then (
card S)
in (
Segm k) by
A11,
NAT_1: 44;
then (
card S)
in (
card A) by
A24;
then (A
\ S)
<>
{} by
CARD_1: 68;
then
consider x be
object such that
A45: x
in (A
\ S) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
not x
in S by
A45,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then
A46: (
card (S
\/
{x}))
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A11,
A13,
CARD_2: 41;
A47:
{x}
c= A by
A45,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
x
in A by
A45;
then
A48:
{x}
c= X by
A24,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A49: (S
\/
{x})
c= X by
XBOOLE_1: 8;
not (X
\ (A
\/ S))
=
{}
proof
assume (X
\ (A
\/ S))
=
{} ;
then
A50: X
c= (A
\/ S) by
XBOOLE_1: 37;
(S
\/
{x})
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A7,
A46,
A49;
then
consider B be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A51: B
= (S
\/
{x});
(A
\/ B)
= ((A
\/ S)
\/
{x}) by
A51,
XBOOLE_1: 4;
then
A52: (A
\/ B)
= (A
\/ S) by
A47,
XBOOLE_1: 10,
XBOOLE_1: 12;
(A
\/ S)
c= X by
A24,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A53: (A
\/ S)
= X by
A50,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
A54: not ex L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{A2, B}
on L
proof
assume ex L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{A2, B}
on L;
then
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A55:
{A2, B}
on L;
B
on L by
A55,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A56: B
c= L by
A1,
A6,
Th10;
A2
on L by
A55,
INCSP_1: 1;
then A
c= L by
A1,
A6,
A21,
Th10;
then (A
\/ B)
c= L by
A56,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
card (A
\/ B))
c= (
card L) by
CARD_1: 11;
then
A57: (k
+ 2)
c= (
card L) by
A2,
A53,
A52;
L
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex L1 be
Subset of X st L
= L1 & (
card L1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A8;
then (k
+ 1)
in (k
+ 1) by
A5,
A57,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence contradiction;
end;
S
c= B & B
c= X by
A48,
A51,
XBOOLE_1: 8,
XBOOLE_1: 10;
then B
in K by
A12,
A46,
A51;
hence contradiction by
A16,
A17,
A19,
A21,
A54;
end;
hence thesis by
A26;
end;
K is
clique
proof
let A,B be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A58: A
in K and
A59: B
in K;
A60: ex A1 be
Subset of X st A1
= A & (
card A1)
= k & S
c= A1 by
A12,
A58;
then
A61: A is
finite;
A62: ex B1 be
Subset of X st B1
= B & (
card B1)
= k & S
c= B1 by
A12,
A59;
then S
c= (A
/\ B) by
A60,
XBOOLE_1: 19;
then (k
- 1)
c= (
card (A
/\ B)) by
A11,
CARD_1: 11;
then k1
in (
succ (
card (A
/\ B))) by
ORDINAL1: 22;
then (
card (A
/\ B))
= (k
- 1) or (k
- 1)
in (
card (A
/\ B)) by
ORDINAL1: 8;
then
A63: (
card (A
/\ B))
= (k
- 1) or k
c= (
card (A
/\ B)) by
A9,
ORDINAL1: 21;
A64: B is
finite by
A62;
A65: (
card (A
/\ B))
= k implies ex L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{A, B}
on L
proof
A66: (
card A)
<> (
card X)
proof
assume (
card A)
= (
card X);
then k
in k by
A6,
A4,
A60,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence contradiction;
end;
(
card A)
c= (
card X) by
A60,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card A)
in (
card X) by
A66,
CARD_1: 3;
then (X
\ A)
<>
{} by
CARD_1: 68;
then
consider x be
object such that
A67: x
in (X
\ A) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
{x}
c= X by
A67,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A68: (A
\/
{x})
c= X by
A60,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
not x
in A by
A67,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then (
card (A
\/
{x}))
= (k
+ 1) by
A60,
A61,
CARD_2: 41;
then (A
\/
{x})
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A8,
A68;
then
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A69: L
= (A
\/
{x});
assume (
card (A
/\ B))
= k;
then (A
/\ B)
= A & (A
/\ B)
= B by
A60,
A62,
A61,
A64,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then B
c= (A
\/
{x}) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then
A70: B
on L by
A1,
A6,
A69,
Th10;
A
c= (A
\/
{x}) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then A
on L by
A1,
A6,
A69,
Th10;
then
{A, B}
on L by
A70,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
A71: (
card (A
/\ B))
= (k
- 1) implies ex L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{A, B}
on L
proof
A72: (A
\/ B)
c= X by
A60,
A62,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
assume
A73: (
card (A
/\ B))
= (k
- 1);
(
card A)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A60;
then (
card (A
\/ B))
= (k1
+ (2
* 1)) by
A62,
A73,
Th2;
then (A
\/ B)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A8,
A72;
then
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A74: L
= (A
\/ B);
B
c= (A
\/ B) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then
A75: B
on L by
A1,
A6,
A74,
Th10;
A
c= (A
\/ B) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then A
on L by
A1,
A6,
A74,
Th10;
then
{A, B}
on L by
A75,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
(
card (A
/\ B))
c= k by
A60,
CARD_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
hence thesis by
A63,
A71,
A65,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
hence thesis by
A14;
end;
A76: (
succ
0 )
= (
0
+ 1);
K is
TOP implies K is
maximal_clique
proof
assume K is
TOP;
then
consider S be
Subset of X such that
A77: (
card S)
= (k
+ 1) and
A78: K
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & A
c= S };
reconsider S as
finite
set by
A77;
A79: for U be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) st U is
clique & K
c= U holds U
= K
proof
A80: (k
- 2)
<= ((k
- 2)
+ 1) by
A3,
NAT_1: 11;
let U be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A81: U is
clique and
A82: K
c= U and
A83: U
<> K;
not U
c= K by
A82,
A83,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
consider A be
object such that
A84: A
in U and
A85: not A
in K;
reconsider A as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
consider A2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A86: A2
= A by
A84;
A
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A84;
then
A87: ex A1 be
Subset of X st A1
= A & (
card A1)
= k by
A7;
then
reconsider A as
finite
set;
A88: (
card A)
<> (
card S) by
A77,
A87;
A89: not A
c= S by
A78,
A85,
A87;
then
consider x be
object such that
A90: x
in A and
A91: not x
in S;
k
<= (k
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 11;
then (
Segm (
card A))
c= (
Segm (
card S)) by
A77,
A87,
NAT_1: 39;
then (
card A)
in (
card S) by
A88,
CARD_1: 3;
then
A92: (S
\ A)
<>
{} by
CARD_1: 68;
2
c= (
card (S
\ A))
proof
A93: not (
card (S
\ A))
= 1
proof
assume (
card (S
\ A))
= 1;
then
A94: (
card (S
\ (S
\ A)))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A77,
CARD_2: 44;
(S
\ (S
\ A))
= (S
/\ A) & (S
/\ A)
c= S by
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 48;
hence contradiction by
A87,
A89,
A94,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
end;
assume not 2
c= (
card (S
\ A));
then (
card (S
\ A))
in (
succ 1) by
ORDINAL1: 16;
then (
card (S
\ A))
in 1 or (
card (S
\ A))
= 1 by
ORDINAL1: 8;
then (
card (S
\ A))
c=
0 or (
card (S
\ A))
= 1 by
A76,
ORDINAL1: 22;
hence contradiction by
A92,
A93;
end;
then
consider B1 be
set such that
A95: B1
c= (S
\ A) and
A96: (
card B1)
= 2 by
CARD_FIL: 36;
A97: B1
c= S by
A95,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then
A98: not x
in B1 by
A91;
(
card (S
\ B1))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A77,
A95,
A96,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then (
Segm k2)
c= (
Segm (
card (S
\ B1))) by
A80,
NAT_1: 39;
then
consider B2 be
set such that
A99: B2
c= (S
\ B1) and
A100: (
card B2)
= (k
- 2) by
CARD_FIL: 36;
A101: (
card (B1
\/ B2))
= (2
+ (k
- 2)) by
A95,
A96,
A99,
A100,
CARD_2: 40,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
(S
\ B1)
c= X by
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then
A102: B2
c= X by
A99;
(S
\ A)
c= X by
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then B1
c= X by
A95;
then
A103: (B1
\/ B2)
c= X by
A102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (B1
\/ B2)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A7,
A101;
then
consider B be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A104: B
= (B1
\/ B2);
B1
misses A by
A95,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then
A105: (B1
/\ A)
=
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
B2
c= S by
A99,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then
A106: (B1
\/ B2)
c= S by
A97,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A107: not x
in (B1
\/ B2) by
A91;
A108: (A
/\ B)
c= (A
\/ B) by
XBOOLE_1: 29;
A109: (k
+ 2)
c= (
card (A
\/ B))
proof
A110: (
{x}
\/ B1)
misses (A
/\ B)
proof
assume not (
{x}
\/ B1)
misses (A
/\ B);
then ((
{x}
\/ B1)
/\ (A
/\ B))
<>
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
then
consider y be
object such that
A111: y
in ((
{x}
\/ B1)
/\ (A
/\ B)) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
y
in (A
/\ B) by
A111,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A112: y
in A & y
in B by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
y
in (
{x}
\/ B1) by
A111,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then y
in
{x} or y
in B1 by
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
hence contradiction by
A104,
A107,
A105,
A112,
TARSKI:def 1,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
end;
{x}
c= A by
A90,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
{x}
c= (A
\/ B) by
XBOOLE_1: 10;
then
A113: ((A
/\ B)
\/
{x})
c= (A
\/ B) by
A108,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
B1
c= B by
A104,
XBOOLE_1: 10;
then B1
c= (A
\/ B) by
XBOOLE_1: 10;
then (((A
/\ B)
\/
{x})
\/ B1)
c= (A
\/ B) by
A113,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then ((A
/\ B)
\/ (
{x}
\/ B1))
c= (A
\/ B) by
XBOOLE_1: 4;
then
A114: (
card ((A
/\ B)
\/ (
{x}
\/ B1)))
c= (
card (A
\/ B)) by
CARD_1: 11;
assume not (k
+ 2)
c= (
card (A
\/ B));
then
A115: (
card (A
\/ B))
in (
succ (k
+ 1)) by
A5,
ORDINAL1: 16;
then
A116: (
card (A
\/ B))
c= (k
+ 1) by
ORDINAL1: 22;
(
card (A
\/ B))
= (k
+ 1) or (
card (A
\/ B))
in (
succ k) & A
c= (A
\/ B) by
A4,
A115,
ORDINAL1: 8,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then (
card (A
\/ B))
= (k
+ 1) or (
card (A
\/ B))
c= k & k
c= (
card (A
\/ B)) by
A87,
CARD_1: 11,
ORDINAL1: 22;
then
A117: (
card (A
\/ B))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) or (
card (A
\/ B))
= (k
+ (2
*
0 )) by
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
(
card A)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A87;
then
A118: (
card (A
/\ B))
= k1 or (
card (A
/\ B))
= k by
A101,
A104,
A117,
Th2;
(
card (
{x}
\/ B1))
= (2
+ 1) by
A95,
A96,
A98,
CARD_2: 41;
then (
card ((A
/\ B)
\/ (
{x}
\/ B1)))
= ((k
- 1)
+ 3) or (
card ((A
/\ B)
\/ (
{x}
\/ B1)))
= (k
+ 3) by
A95,
A110,
A118,
CARD_2: 40;
then (
Segm (k
+ 2))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) or (
Segm (k
+ 3))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
A116,
A114;
then (k
+ 1)
in (k
+ 1) or (k
+ 3)
<= (k
+ 1) by
A5,
NAT_1: 39,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence contradiction by
XREAL_1: 6;
end;
A119: not ex L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{A2, B}
on L
proof
assume ex L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) st
{A2, B}
on L;
then
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A120:
{A2, B}
on L;
B
on L by
A120,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A121: B
c= L by
A1,
A6,
Th10;
L
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A122: ex L1 be
Subset of X st L
= L1 & (
card L1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A8;
A2
on L by
A120,
INCSP_1: 1;
then A
c= L by
A1,
A6,
A86,
Th10;
then (A
\/ B)
c= L by
A121,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A123: (
card (A
\/ B))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A122,
CARD_1: 11;
(k
+ 2)
c= (k
+ 1) by
A109,
A123;
then (k
+ 1)
in (k
+ 1) by
A5,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence contradiction;
end;
B
in K by
A78,
A101,
A103,
A106,
A104;
hence thesis by
A81,
A82,
A84,
A86,
A119;
end;
K is
clique
proof
let A,B be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A124: A
in K and
A125: B
in K;
S
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A8,
A77;
then
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A126: L
= S;
ex B1 be
Subset of X st B1
= B & (
card B1)
= k & B1
c= S by
A78,
A125;
then
A127: B
on L by
A1,
A6,
A126,
Th10;
ex A1 be
Subset of X st A1
= A & (
card A1)
= k & A1
c= S by
A78,
A124;
then A
on L by
A1,
A6,
A126,
Th10;
then
{A, B}
on L by
A127,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
hence thesis by
A79;
end;
hence thesis by
A10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:15
Th15: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st 2
<= k & (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X) holds for K be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds K is
maximal_clique implies K is
STAR or K is
TOP
proof
A1: (
succ
0 )
= (
0
+ 1);
A2: (
succ 2)
= (2
+ 1);
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set;
assume that
A3: 2
<= k and
A4: (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X);
(k
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 2) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then
A5: (
Segm (k
+ 1))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 2)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A6: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) by
A4;
then
A7: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A3,
Def1;
A8: (
succ (
Segm (k
+ 1)))
= (
Segm ((k
+ 1)
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
A9: 1
<= k by
A3,
XXREAL_0: 2;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
A10: (
succ (
Segm k))
= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
0
c= (
card K);
then
0
in (
succ (
card K)) by
ORDINAL1: 22;
then
A11: (
card K)
=
0 or
0
in (
card K) by
ORDINAL1: 8;
assume
A12: K is
maximal_clique;
then
A13: K is
clique;
A14: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A3,
A6,
Def1;
k
<= (k
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 11;
then
A15: (
Segm k)
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A16: k
c= (
card X) by
A6;
K
<>
{}
proof
consider A1 be
set such that
A17: A1
c= X and
A18: (
card A1)
= k by
A16,
CARD_FIL: 36;
A1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A7,
A17,
A18;
then
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A19: A
= A1;
(
card A)
<> (
card X)
proof
assume (
card A)
= (
card X);
then (k
+ 1)
c= k by
A4,
A5,
A18,
A19;
then k
in k by
A10,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence contradiction;
end;
then (
card A)
in (
card X) by
A16,
A18,
A19,
CARD_1: 3;
then (X
\ A)
<>
{} by
CARD_1: 68;
then
consider x be
object such that
A20: x
in (X
\ A) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
{x}
c= X by
A20,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A21: (A
\/
{x})
c= X by
A17,
A19,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A22: not x
in A by
A20,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A is
finite by
A18,
A19;
then (
card (A
\/
{x}))
= (k
+ 1) by
A18,
A19,
A22,
CARD_2: 41;
then (A
\/
{x})
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A14,
A21;
then
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A23: L
= (A
\/
{x});
consider U be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A24: U
=
{A};
A
c= L by
A23,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then
A25: A
on L by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
A26: U is
clique
proof
let B,C be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
assume B
in U & C
in U;
then B
on L & C
on L by
A25,
A24,
TARSKI:def 1;
then
{B, C}
on L by
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
assume
A27: K
=
{} ;
then K
c= U;
hence contradiction by
A12,
A27,
A24,
A26;
end;
then 1
c= (
card K) by
A1,
A11,
ORDINAL1: 21;
then 1
in (
succ (
card K)) by
ORDINAL1: 22;
then
A28: (
card K)
= 1 or 1
in (
card K) by
ORDINAL1: 8;
A29: (k
- 1) is
Element of
NAT by
A3,
NAT_1: 21,
XXREAL_0: 2;
then
reconsider k1 = (k
- 1) as
Nat;
A30: (
card K)
<> 1
proof
assume (
card K)
= 1;
then
consider A3 be
object such that
A31: K
=
{A3} by
CARD_2: 42;
A32: A3
in K by
A31,
TARSKI:def 1;
then
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A33: A
= A3;
A3
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A32;
then
A34: ex A4 be
Subset of X st A
= A4 & (
card A4)
= k by
A7,
A33;
then
reconsider AA = A as
finite
set;
A35: A is
finite by
A34;
A36: (
card A)
<> (
card X)
proof
assume (
card A)
= (
card X);
then (k
+ 1)
c= k by
A4,
A5,
A34;
then k
in k by
A10,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence contradiction;
end;
(
card A)
c= (
card X) by
A6,
A15,
A34;
then (
card A)
in (
card X) by
A36,
CARD_1: 3;
then (X
\ A)
<>
{} by
CARD_1: 68;
then
consider x be
object such that
A37: x
in (X
\ A) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
A38:
{x}
c= X by
A37,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A39: (A
\/
{x})
c= X by
A34,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
not x
in A by
A37,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then (
card (A
\/
{x}))
= (k
+ 1) by
A34,
A35,
CARD_2: 41;
then (A
\/
{x})
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A14,
A39;
then
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A40: L
= (A
\/
{x});
(k
- 1)
<= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A29,
NAT_1: 11;
then (
Segm k1)
c= (
Segm (
card AA)) by
A34,
NAT_1: 39;
then
consider B2 be
set such that
A41: B2
c= A and
A42: (
card B2)
= (k
- 1) by
CARD_FIL: 36;
A43: B2 is
finite by
A3,
A42,
NAT_1: 21,
XXREAL_0: 2;
B2
c= X by
A34,
A41,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then
A44: (B2
\/
{x})
c= X by
A38,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
not x
in B2 by
A37,
A41,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then (
card (B2
\/
{x}))
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A42,
A43,
CARD_2: 41;
then (B2
\/
{x})
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A7,
A44;
then
consider A1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A45: A1
= (B2
\/
{x});
A46:
{x}
c= L by
A40,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
A47: A
c= L by
A40,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then B2
c= L by
A41;
then A1
c= L by
A45,
A46,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A48: A1
on L by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
{x}
c= A1 by
A45,
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then x
in A1 by
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A49: A
<> A1 by
A37,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
consider U be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A50: U
=
{A, A1};
A51: A
on L by
A3,
A6,
A47,
Th10;
A52: U is
clique
proof
let B1,B2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
assume B1
in U & B2
in U;
then B1
on L & B2
on L by
A51,
A48,
A50,
TARSKI:def 2;
then
{B1, B2}
on L by
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
A
in U by
A50,
TARSKI:def 2;
then
A53: K
c= U by
A31,
A33,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
A1
in U by
A50,
TARSKI:def 2;
then U
<> K by
A31,
A33,
A49,
TARSKI:def 1;
hence contradiction by
A12,
A53,
A52;
end;
(
succ 1)
= (1
+ 1);
then
A54: 2
c= (
card K) by
A30,
A28,
ORDINAL1: 21;
then
consider R be
set such that
A55: R
c= K and
A56: (
card R)
= 2 by
CARD_FIL: 36;
consider A1,B1 be
object such that
A57: A1
<> B1 and
A58: R
=
{A1, B1} by
A56,
CARD_2: 60;
A59: A1
in R by
A58,
TARSKI:def 2;
then
A60: A1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A55,
TARSKI:def 3;
then
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A61: A
= A1;
A62: B1
in R by
A58,
TARSKI:def 2;
then
A63: B1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A55,
TARSKI:def 3;
then
consider B be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A64: B
= B1;
consider L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A65:
{A, B}
on L by
A13,
A55,
A59,
A62,
A61,
A64;
L
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A66: ex L1 be
Subset of X st L1
= L & (
card L1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
then
A67: L is
finite;
A
on L by
A65,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A68: A
c= L by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then
A69: (A
/\ B)
c= L by
XBOOLE_1: 108;
then
A70: (A
/\ B)
c= X by
A66,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
B
on L by
A65,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A71: B
c= L by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then
A72: (A
\/ B)
c= L by
A68,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A73: (
card (A
\/ B))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A66,
CARD_1: 11;
A74: ex B2 be
Subset of X st B2
= B & (
card B2)
= k by
A7,
A63,
A64;
then
A75: B is
finite;
A76: ex A2 be
Subset of X st A2
= A & (
card A2)
= k by
A7,
A60,
A61;
then
A77: A is
finite;
A78: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A
\/ B)) by
A57,
A61,
A64,
A76,
A74,
Th1;
then
A79: (
card (A
\/ B))
= (k
+ 1) by
A73,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A80: (A
\/ B)
= L by
A68,
A71,
A66,
A67,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A81: not (ex C be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) st C
in K & C
on L & A
<> C & B
<> C) implies K is
STAR
proof
A82: (
card L)
<> (
card X)
proof
assume (
card L)
= (
card X);
then (k
+ 1)
in (k
+ 1) by
A4,
A8,
A66,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence contradiction;
end;
(
card L)
c= (
card X) by
A4,
A5,
A66;
then (
card L)
in (
card X) by
A82,
CARD_1: 3;
then (X
\ L)
<>
{} by
CARD_1: 68;
then
consider x be
object such that
A83: x
in (X
\ L) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
A84: ( not x
in A) & not x
in B by
A68,
A71,
A83,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A85: (A
/\
{x})
=
{} & (B
/\
{x})
=
{}
proof
assume (A
/\
{x})
<>
{} or (B
/\
{x})
<>
{} ;
then
consider z1 be
object such that
A86: z1
in (A
/\
{x}) or z1
in (B
/\
{x}) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
z1
in A & z1
in
{x} or z1
in B & z1
in
{x} by
A86,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence contradiction by
A84,
TARSKI:def 1;
end;
A87: (
card A)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) & (
card (A
\/ B))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A76,
A73,
A78,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A88: (
card (A
/\ B))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A74,
Th2;
then (
card (A
\ (A
/\ B)))
= (k
- (k
- 1)) by
A76,
A77,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
consider z1 be
object such that
A89: (A
\ (A
/\ B))
=
{z1} by
CARD_2: 42;
(
card (B
\ (A
/\ B)))
= (k
- (k
- 1)) by
A74,
A75,
A88,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
consider z2 be
object such that
A90: (B
\ (A
/\ B))
=
{z2} by
CARD_2: 42;
A91: B
= ((A
/\ B)
\/
{z2}) by
A90,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
A92: z2
in
{z2} by
TARSKI:def 1;
A93: (
card (A
\/ B))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A73,
A78,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
A94: not x
in (A
/\ B) by
A69,
A83,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
(
card A)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A76;
then (
card (A
/\ B))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A74,
A93,
Th2;
then
A95: (
card ((A
/\ B)
\/
{x}))
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A68,
A67,
A94,
CARD_2: 41;
{x}
c= X by
A83,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A96: ((A
/\ B)
\/
{x})
c= X by
A70,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then ((A
/\ B)
\/
{x})
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A7,
A95;
then
consider C be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A97: C
= ((A
/\ B)
\/
{x});
A98: (B
\/ C)
c= X by
A74,
A96,
A97,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A99: (A
\/ C)
c= X by
A76,
A96,
A97,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A100: (1
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 1) by
A9,
XREAL_1: 7;
A101: (A
/\ B)
c= B by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
(B
/\ C)
= ((B
/\
{x})
\/ (B
/\ (B
/\ A))) by
A97,
XBOOLE_1: 23;
then (B
/\ C)
= ((B
/\
{x})
\/ ((B
/\ B)
/\ A)) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then (
card (B
/\ C))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A74,
A85,
A87,
Th2;
then (
card (B
\/ C))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A29,
A74,
A95,
A97,
Th2;
then (B
\/ C)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A14,
A98;
then
consider L2 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A102: L2
= (B
\/ C);
(A
/\ C)
= ((A
/\
{x})
\/ (A
/\ (A
/\ B))) by
A97,
XBOOLE_1: 23;
then (A
/\ C)
= ((A
/\
{x})
\/ ((A
/\ A)
/\ B)) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then (
card (A
/\ C))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A74,
A85,
A87,
Th2;
then (
card (A
\/ C))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A29,
A76,
A95,
A97,
Th2;
then (A
\/ C)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A14,
A99;
then
consider L1 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A103: L1
= (A
\/ C);
A104:
{A, B, C} is
clique
proof
let Z1,Z2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A105: Z1
in
{A, B, C} and
A106: Z2
in
{A, B, C};
A107: Z2
= A or Z2
= B or Z2
= C by
A106,
ENUMSET1:def 1;
Z1
= A or Z1
= B or Z1
= C by
A105,
ENUMSET1:def 1;
then Z1
c= (A
\/ B) & Z2
c= (A
\/ B) or Z1
c= (A
\/ C) & Z2
c= (A
\/ C) or Z1
c= (B
\/ C) & Z2
c= (B
\/ C) by
A107,
XBOOLE_1: 11;
then Z1
on L & Z2
on L or Z1
on L1 & Z2
on L1 or Z1
on L2 & Z2
on L2 by
A3,
A6,
A80,
A103,
A102,
Th10;
then
{Z1, Z2}
on L or
{Z1, Z2}
on L1 or
{Z1, Z2}
on L2 by
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
A108: C
<> A & C
<> B by
A84,
A97,
XBOOLE_1: 11,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
A109: 3
c= (
card K)
proof
assume not 3
c= (
card K);
then (
card K)
in 3 by
ORDINAL1: 16;
then (
card K)
c= 2 by
A2,
ORDINAL1: 22;
then (
card K)
= 2 & K is
finite by
A54,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A110: K
=
{A, B} by
A55,
A56,
A58,
A61,
A64,
CARD_2: 102;
A
in
{A, B, C} & B
in
{A, B, C} by
ENUMSET1:def 1;
then
A111:
{A, B}
c=
{A, B, C} by
ZFMISC_1: 32;
C
in
{A, B, C} by
ENUMSET1:def 1;
then not
{A, B, C}
c=
{A, B} by
A108,
TARSKI:def 2;
hence contradiction by
A12,
A104,
A110,
A111;
end;
(
card
{A, B})
<> (
card K)
proof
assume (
card
{A, B})
= (
card K);
then 3
in 3 by
A2,
A56,
A58,
A61,
A64,
A109,
ORDINAL1: 22;
hence contradiction;
end;
then (
card
{A, B})
in (
card K) by
A54,
A56,
A58,
A61,
A64,
CARD_1: 3;
then (K
\
{A, B})
<>
{} by
CARD_1: 68;
then
consider E2 be
object such that
A112: E2
in (K
\
{A, B}) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
A113: (
card A)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A76;
then
A114: (
card (A
/\ B))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A29,
A74,
A93,
Th2;
A115: (
card B)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A74;
A116: (A
/\ B)
c= A by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
A117: not E2
in
{A, B} by
A112,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then
A118: E2
<> A by
TARSKI:def 2;
E2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A112;
then
consider E1 be
Subset of X such that
A119: E1
= E2 and
A120: (
card E1)
= k by
A7;
consider E be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A121: E
= E1 by
A112,
A119;
A122: A
= ((A
/\ B)
\/
{z1}) by
A89,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
A123: z1
in
{z1} by
TARSKI:def 1;
then
A124: not z1
in (A
/\ B) by
A89,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A125: (
card A)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) & (2
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 1) by
A3,
A76,
XREAL_1: 7;
consider S be
set such that
A126: S
= { D where D be
Subset of X : (
card D)
= k & (A
/\ B)
c= D };
A127: E2
in K by
A112,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then
consider K1 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A128:
{A, E}
on K1 by
A13,
A55,
A59,
A61,
A119,
A121;
consider K2 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A129:
{B, E}
on K2 by
A13,
A55,
A62,
A64,
A127,
A119,
A121;
E
on K2 by
A129,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A130: E
c= K2 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
K2
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A131: ex M2 be
Subset of X st K2
= M2 & (
card M2)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
B
on K2 by
A129,
INCSP_1: 1;
then B
c= K2 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then (B
\/ E)
c= K2 by
A130,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A132: (
card (B
\/ E))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A131,
CARD_1: 11;
A133: E2
<> B by
A117,
TARSKI:def 2;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (B
\/ E)) by
A74,
A119,
A120,
A121,
Th1;
then (
card (B
\/ E))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A132,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A134: (
card (B
/\ E))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A29,
A120,
A121,
A115,
Th2;
assume not (ex C be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) st C
in K & C
on L & A
<> C & B
<> C);
then
A135: not E
on L by
A127,
A118,
A133,
A119,
A121;
A136: not (
card ((A
\/ B)
\/ E))
= (k
+ 1)
proof
assume
A137: (
card ((A
\/ B)
\/ E))
= (k
+ 1);
then (A
\/ B)
c= ((A
\/ B)
\/ E) & ((A
\/ B)
\/ E) is
finite by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then
A138: (A
\/ B)
= ((A
\/ B)
\/ E) by
A79,
A137,
CARD_2: 102;
E
c= ((A
\/ B)
\/ E) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
then E
c= L by
A72,
A138;
hence contradiction by
A3,
A6,
A135,
Th10;
end;
E
on K1 by
A128,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A139: E
c= K1 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
K1
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A140: ex M1 be
Subset of X st K1
= M1 & (
card M1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
A
on K1 by
A128,
INCSP_1: 1;
then A
c= K1 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then (A
\/ E)
c= K1 by
A139,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A141: (
card (A
\/ E))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A140,
CARD_1: 11;
(k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A
\/ E)) by
A76,
A118,
A119,
A120,
A121,
Th1;
then (
card (A
\/ E))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A141,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (
card (A
/\ E))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A29,
A120,
A121,
A113,
Th2;
then (
card ((A
/\ B)
/\ E))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) & (
card ((A
\/ B)
\/ E))
= ((k
+ 1)
+ 1) or (
card ((A
/\ B)
/\ E))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 3) & (
card ((A
\/ B)
\/ E))
= (k
+ 1) by
A74,
A120,
A121,
A134,
A125,
A100,
A114,
Th7;
then
A142: (A
/\ B)
= ((A
/\ B)
/\ E) by
A68,
A67,
A88,
A136,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A143: (A
/\ B)
c= E by
XBOOLE_1: 17;
E is
finite by
A120,
A121;
then (
card (E
\ (A
/\ B)))
= (k
- (k
- 1)) by
A88,
A120,
A121,
A142,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
consider z4 be
object such that
A144: (E
\ (A
/\ B))
=
{z4} by
CARD_2: 42;
A145: E
= ((A
/\ B)
\/
{z4}) by
A142,
A144,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
A146: K
c= S
proof
assume not K
c= S;
then
consider D2 be
object such that
A147: D2
in K and
A148: not D2
in S;
D2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A147;
then
consider D1 be
Subset of X such that
A149: D1
= D2 and
A150: (
card D1)
= k by
A7;
consider D be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A151: D
= D1 by
A147,
A149;
consider K11 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A152:
{A, D}
on K11 by
A13,
A55,
A59,
A61,
A147,
A149,
A151;
D
on K11 by
A152,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A153: D
c= K11 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
K11
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A154: ex R11 be
Subset of X st R11
= K11 & (
card R11)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
A155: (
card D)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A150,
A151;
consider K13 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A156:
{E, D}
on K13 by
A13,
A127,
A119,
A121,
A147,
A149,
A151;
consider K12 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A157:
{B, D}
on K12 by
A13,
A55,
A62,
A64,
A147,
A149,
A151;
A
on K11 by
A152,
INCSP_1: 1;
then A
c= K11 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then (A
\/ D)
c= K11 by
A153,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A158: (
card (A
\/ D))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A154,
CARD_1: 11;
A
<> D by
A126,
A116,
A148,
A149,
A150,
A151;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A
\/ D)) by
A76,
A150,
A151,
Th1;
then (
card (A
\/ D))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A158,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A159: (
card (A
/\ D))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A76,
A155,
Th2;
not (A
/\ B)
c= D by
A126,
A148,
A149,
A150,
A151;
then ex y be
object st y
in (A
/\ B) & not y
in D;
then (A
/\ B)
<> ((A
/\ B)
/\ D) by
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A160: (
card ((A
/\ B)
/\ D))
<> (
card (A
/\ B)) by
A77,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
D
on K13 by
A156,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A161: D
c= K13 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
K13
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A162: ex R13 be
Subset of X st R13
= K13 & (
card R13)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
D
on K12 by
A157,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A163: D
c= K12 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
K12
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A164: ex R12 be
Subset of X st R12
= K12 & (
card R12)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
B
on K12 by
A157,
INCSP_1: 1;
then B
c= K12 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then (B
\/ D)
c= K12 by
A163,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A165: (
card (B
\/ D))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A164,
CARD_1: 11;
B
<> D by
A126,
A101,
A148,
A149,
A150,
A151;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (B
\/ D)) by
A74,
A150,
A151,
Th1;
then (
card (B
\/ D))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A165,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A166: (
card (B
/\ D))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A74,
A155,
Th2;
E
on K13 by
A156,
INCSP_1: 1;
then E
c= K13 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then (E
\/ D)
c= K13 by
A161,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A167: (
card (E
\/ D))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A162,
CARD_1: 11;
E
<> D by
A126,
A143,
A148,
A149,
A150,
A151;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (E
\/ D)) by
A120,
A121,
A150,
A151,
Th1;
then (
card (E
\/ D))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A167,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A168: (
card (E
/\ D))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A120,
A121,
A155,
Th2;
A169: z1
in D & z2
in D & z4
in D
proof
assume not z1
in D or not z2
in D or not z4
in D;
then (A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
\/
{z1})
/\ D) &
{z1}
misses D or (B
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
\/
{z2})
/\ D) &
{z2}
misses D or (E
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
\/
{z4})
/\ D) &
{z4}
misses D by
A89,
A90,
A142,
A144,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 45,
ZFMISC_1: 50;
then (A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
\/ (
{z1}
/\ D)) & (
{z1}
/\ D)
=
{} or (B
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
\/ (
{z2}
/\ D)) & (
{z2}
/\ D)
=
{} or (E
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
\/ (
{z4}
/\ D)) & (
{z4}
/\ D)
=
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7,
XBOOLE_1: 23;
hence contradiction by
A29,
A74,
A87,
A159,
A166,
A168,
A160,
Th2;
end;
then
{z1, z2}
c= D &
{z4}
c= D by
ZFMISC_1: 31,
ZFMISC_1: 32;
then (
{z1, z2}
\/
{z4})
c= D by
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then ((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
c= D &
{z1, z2, z4}
c= D by
ENUMSET1: 3,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A170: (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
\/
{z1, z2, z4})
c= D by
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A171: z4
in (E
\ (A
/\ B)) & ((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
c= (A
/\ B) by
A144,
TARSKI:def 1,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
A172:
{z1, z2, z4}
misses ((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
proof
assume not
{z1, z2, z4}
misses ((A
/\ B)
/\ D);
then (
{z1, z2, z4}
/\ ((A
/\ B)
/\ D))
<>
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
then
consider m be
object such that
A173: m
in (
{z1, z2, z4}
/\ ((A
/\ B)
/\ D)) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
m
in
{z1, z2, z4} by
A173,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A174: m
= z1 or m
= z2 or m
= z4 by
ENUMSET1:def 1;
m
in ((A
/\ B)
/\ D) by
A173,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence contradiction by
A89,
A90,
A123,
A92,
A171,
A174,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
end;
reconsider r = (
card ((A
/\ B)
/\ D)) as
Nat by
A77;
A175: not z1
in ((A
/\ B)
/\ D) by
A124,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
(A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
\/
{z1})
/\ D) by
A89,
XBOOLE_1: 17,
XBOOLE_1: 45;
then (A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
\/ (
{z1}
/\ D)) by
XBOOLE_1: 23;
then (A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
\/
{z1}) by
A169,
ZFMISC_1: 46;
then
A176: (
card (A
/\ D))
= (r
+ 1) by
A77,
A175,
CARD_2: 41;
(
card
{z1, z2, z4})
= 3 by
A57,
A61,
A64,
A122,
A91,
A118,
A133,
A119,
A121,
A145,
CARD_2: 58;
then (
card (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
\/
{z1, z2, z4}))
= ((k
- 2)
+ 3) by
A77,
A159,
A176,
A172,
CARD_2: 40;
then (k
+ 1)
c= k by
A150,
A151,
A170,
CARD_1: 11;
then k
in k by
A10,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence contradiction;
end;
S
c= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
proof
let Z be
object;
assume Z
in S;
then ex Z1 be
Subset of X st Z
= Z1 & (
card Z1)
= k & (A
/\ B)
c= Z1 by
A126;
hence thesis by
A7;
end;
then
consider S1 be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A177: S1
= S;
A178: S1 is
STAR by
A70,
A126,
A88,
A177;
then S1 is
maximal_clique by
A3,
A4,
Th14;
then S1 is
clique;
hence thesis by
A12,
A146,
A177,
A178;
end;
reconsider k2 = (k
- 2) as
Element of
NAT by
A3,
NAT_1: 21;
A179: (
succ (
Segm k2))
= (
Segm (k2
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
(ex C be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) st C
in K & C
on L & A
<> C & B
<> C) implies K is
TOP
proof
A180: (1
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 1) by
A9,
XREAL_1: 7;
A181: (
card B)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A74;
A182: (
card A)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A76;
assume ex C be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) st C
in K & C
on L & A
<> C & B
<> C;
then
consider C be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A183: C
in K and
A184: C
on L and
A185: A
<> C and
A186: B
<> C;
A187: C
c= L by
A3,
A6,
A184,
Th10;
then (A
\/ C)
c= L by
A68,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A188: (
card (A
\/ C))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A66,
CARD_1: 11;
(B
\/ C)
c= L by
A71,
A187,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A189: (
card (B
\/ C))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A66,
CARD_1: 11;
C
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A190: ex C2 be
Subset of X st C2
= C & (
card C2)
= k by
A7;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (B
\/ C)) by
A74,
A186,
Th1;
then (
card (B
\/ C))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A189,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A191: (
card (B
/\ C))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A29,
A190,
A181,
Th2;
(k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A
\/ C)) by
A76,
A185,
A190,
Th1;
then (
card (A
\/ C))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A188,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A192: (
card (A
/\ C))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A29,
A190,
A182,
Th2;
A193: (
card (A
\/ B))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A73,
A78,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A194: (A
\/ B)
= L by
A68,
A71,
A66,
A67,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A195: (A
\/ B)
c= ((A
\/ B)
\/ C) by
XBOOLE_1: 7;
((A
\/ B)
\/ C)
c= L by
A72,
A187,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A196: (
card ((A
\/ B)
\/ C))
= (k
+ 1) by
A193,
A194,
A195,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
A197: (
card A)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) & (2
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 1) by
A3,
A76,
XREAL_1: 7;
consider T be
set such that
A198: T
= { D where D be
Subset of X : (
card D)
= k & D
c= L };
(
card (A
/\ B))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A74,
A193,
A182,
Th2;
then
A199: (
card ((A
/\ B)
/\ C))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 3) & (
card ((A
\/ B)
\/ C))
= (k
+ 1) or (
card ((A
/\ B)
/\ C))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) & (
card ((A
\/ B)
\/ C))
= ((k
+ 1)
+ 1) by
A74,
A190,
A192,
A197,
A191,
A180,
Th7;
A200: K
c= T
proof
let D2 be
object;
assume that
A201: D2
in K and
A202: not D2
in T;
D2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A201;
then
consider D1 be
Subset of X such that
A203: D1
= D2 and
A204: (
card D1)
= k by
A7;
consider D be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A205: D
= D1 by
A201,
A203;
not D
c= L by
A198,
A202,
A203,
A204,
A205;
then
consider x be
object such that
A206: x
in D and
A207: not x
in L;
A208: (
card
{x})
= 1 by
CARD_1: 30;
A209: D is
finite by
A204,
A205;
A210: (
card D)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A204,
A205;
{x}
c= D by
A206,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A211: (
card (D
\
{x}))
= (k
- 1) by
A204,
A205,
A209,
A208,
CARD_2: 44;
consider L13 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A212:
{C, D}
on L13 by
A13,
A183,
A201,
A203,
A205;
D
on L13 by
A212,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A213: D
c= L13 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
L13
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A214: ex L23 be
Subset of X st L23
= L13 & (
card L23)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
C
on L13 by
A212,
INCSP_1: 1;
then C
c= L13 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then (C
\/ D)
c= L13 by
A213,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A215: (
card (C
\/ D))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A214,
CARD_1: 11;
A216: not x
in C by
A187,
A207;
A217: (C
/\ D)
c= (D
\
{x})
proof
let z be
object;
assume
A218: z
in (C
/\ D);
then z
<> x by
A216,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A219: not z
in
{x} by
TARSKI:def 1;
z
in D by
A218,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence thesis by
A219,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
end;
C
<> D by
A187,
A198,
A202,
A203,
A204,
A205;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (C
\/ D)) by
A190,
A204,
A205,
Th1;
then (
card (C
\/ D))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A215,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (
card (C
/\ D))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A190,
A210,
Th2;
then
A220: (C
/\ D)
= (D
\
{x}) by
A209,
A211,
A217,
CARD_2: 102;
consider L12 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A221:
{B, D}
on L12 by
A13,
A55,
A62,
A64,
A201,
A203,
A205;
consider L11 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A222:
{A, D}
on L11 by
A13,
A55,
A59,
A61,
A201,
A203,
A205;
D
on L11 by
A222,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A223: D
c= L11 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
L11
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A224: ex L21 be
Subset of X st L21
= L11 & (
card L21)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
A
on L11 by
A222,
INCSP_1: 1;
then A
c= L11 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then (A
\/ D)
c= L11 by
A223,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A225: (
card (A
\/ D))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A224,
CARD_1: 11;
A226: not x
in A by
A68,
A207;
A227: (A
/\ D)
c= (D
\
{x})
proof
let z be
object;
assume
A228: z
in (A
/\ D);
then z
<> x by
A226,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A229: not z
in
{x} by
TARSKI:def 1;
z
in D by
A228,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence thesis by
A229,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
end;
A
<> D by
A68,
A198,
A202,
A203,
A204,
A205;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A
\/ D)) by
A76,
A204,
A205,
Th1;
then
A230: (
card (A
\/ D))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A225,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (
card (A
/\ D))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A76,
A210,
Th2;
then
A231: (A
/\ D)
= (D
\
{x}) by
A209,
A211,
A227,
CARD_2: 102;
D
on L12 by
A221,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A232: D
c= L12 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
L12
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A233: ex L22 be
Subset of X st L22
= L12 & (
card L22)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
B
on L12 by
A221,
INCSP_1: 1;
then B
c= L12 by
A3,
A6,
Th10;
then (B
\/ D)
c= L12 by
A232,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A234: (
card (B
\/ D))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A233,
CARD_1: 11;
A235: not x
in B by
A71,
A207;
A236: (B
/\ D)
c= (D
\
{x})
proof
let z be
object;
assume
A237: z
in (B
/\ D);
then z
<> x by
A235,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
A238: not z
in
{x} by
TARSKI:def 1;
z
in D by
A237,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence thesis by
A238,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
end;
B
<> D by
A71,
A198,
A202,
A203,
A204,
A205;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (B
\/ D)) by
A74,
A204,
A205,
Th1;
then (
card (B
\/ D))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A234,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (
card (B
/\ D))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A74,
A210,
Th2;
then (B
/\ D)
= (D
\
{x}) by
A209,
A211,
A236,
CARD_2: 102;
then (A
/\ D)
= ((A
/\ D)
/\ (B
/\ D)) by
A231;
then (A
/\ D)
= ((A
/\ (D
/\ B))
/\ D) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then (A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
/\ D) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then (A
/\ D)
= ((A
/\ B)
/\ (D
/\ D)) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then (A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ D)
/\ (C
/\ D)) by
A231,
A220;
then (A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ (D
/\ C))
/\ D) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then (A
/\ D)
= ((((A
/\ B)
/\ C)
/\ D)
/\ D) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then (A
/\ D)
= (((A
/\ B)
/\ C)
/\ (D
/\ D)) by
XBOOLE_1: 16;
then (
card (((A
/\ B)
/\ C)
/\ D))
= (k
- 1) by
A29,
A76,
A210,
A230,
Th2;
then (k
- 1)
c= k2 by
A196,
A199,
CARD_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then (k
- 1)
in (k
- 1) by
A179,
ORDINAL1: 22;
hence contradiction;
end;
T
c= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
proof
let e be
object;
assume e
in T;
then ex E be
Subset of X st e
= E & (
card E)
= k & E
c= L by
A198;
hence thesis by
A7;
end;
then
consider T1 be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A239: T1
= T;
A240: T1 is
TOP by
A66,
A198,
A239;
then T1 is
maximal_clique by
A3,
A4,
Th14;
then T1 is
clique;
hence thesis by
A12,
A200,
A239,
A240;
end;
hence thesis by
A81;
end;
begin
definition
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
struct
IncProjMap over S1,S2
(# the
point-map ->
Function of the
Points of S1, the
Points of S2,
the
line-map ->
Function of the
Lines of S1, the
Lines of S2 #)
attr strict
strict;
end
definition
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
let a be
POINT of S1;
::
COMBGRAS:def6
func F
. a ->
POINT of S2 equals (the
point-map of F
. a);
coherence ;
end
definition
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
let L be
LINE of S1;
::
COMBGRAS:def7
func F
. L ->
LINE of S2 equals (the
line-map of F
. L);
coherence ;
end
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:16
Th16: for S1,S2 be
IncProjStr holds for F1,F2 be
IncProjMap over S1, S2 st (for A be
POINT of S1 holds (F1
. A)
= (F2
. A)) & (for L be
LINE of S1 holds (F1
. L)
= (F2
. L)) holds the IncProjMap of F1
= the IncProjMap of F2
proof
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F1,F2 be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
assume that
A1: for A be
POINT of S1 holds (F1
. A)
= (F2
. A) and
A2: for L be
LINE of S1 holds (F1
. L)
= (F2
. L);
for a be
object holds (a
in the
Points of S1 implies (the
point-map of F1
. a)
= (the
point-map of F2
. a))
proof
let a be
object;
assume a
in the
Points of S1;
then
consider A be
POINT of S1 such that
A3: A
= a;
(F1
. A)
= (F2
. A) by
A1;
hence thesis by
A3;
end;
then
A4: the
point-map of F1
= the
point-map of F2 by
FUNCT_2: 12;
for l be
object holds (l
in the
Lines of S1 implies (the
line-map of F1
. l)
= (the
line-map of F2
. l))
proof
let l be
object;
assume l
in the
Lines of S1;
then
consider L be
LINE of S1 such that
A5: L
= l;
(F1
. L)
= (F2
. L) by
A2;
hence thesis by
A5;
end;
hence thesis by
A4,
FUNCT_2: 12;
end;
definition
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
::
COMBGRAS:def8
attr F is
incidence_preserving means for A1 be
POINT of S1 holds for L1 be
LINE of S1 holds (A1
on L1 iff (F
. A1)
on (F
. L1));
end
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:17
for S1,S2 be
IncProjStr holds for F1,F2 be
IncProjMap over S1, S2 st the IncProjMap of F1
= the IncProjMap of F2 holds F1 is
incidence_preserving implies F2 is
incidence_preserving
proof
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F1,F2 be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
assume that
A1: the IncProjMap of F1
= the IncProjMap of F2 and
A2: F1 is
incidence_preserving;
let A1 be
POINT of S1;
let L1 be
LINE of S1;
(F2
. A1)
= (F1
. A1) & (F2
. L1)
= (F1
. L1) by
A1;
hence thesis by
A2;
end;
definition
let S be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S, S;
::
COMBGRAS:def9
attr F is
automorphism means the
line-map of F is
bijective & the
point-map of F is
bijective & F is
incidence_preserving;
end
definition
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S1;
::
COMBGRAS:def10
func F
.: K ->
Subset of the
Points of S2 equals (the
point-map of F
.: K);
coherence
proof
(the
point-map of F
.: K)
c= the
Points of S2
proof
let b be
object;
assume b
in (the
point-map of F
.: K);
then ex a be
object st a
in (
dom the
point-map of F) & a
in K & b
= (the
point-map of F
. a) by
FUNCT_1:def 6;
hence thesis by
FUNCT_2: 5;
end;
hence thesis;
end;
end
definition
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S2;
::
COMBGRAS:def11
func F
" K ->
Subset of the
Points of S1 equals (the
point-map of F
" K);
coherence
proof
(the
point-map of F
" K)
c= the
Points of S1
proof
let b be
object;
assume b
in (the
point-map of F
" K);
then b
in (
dom the
point-map of F) by
FUNCT_1:def 7;
hence thesis;
end;
hence thesis;
end;
end
definition
let X be
set;
let A be
finite
set;
::
COMBGRAS:def12
func
^^ (A,X) ->
Subset of (
bool X) equals { B where B be
Subset of X : (
card B)
= ((
card A)
+ 1) & A
c= B };
coherence
proof
set Y = { B where B be
Subset of X : (
card B)
= ((
card A)
+ 1) & A
c= B };
Y
c= (
bool X)
proof
let x be
object;
assume x
in Y;
then ex B1 be
Subset of X st x
= B1 & (
card B1)
= ((
card A)
+ 1) & A
c= B1;
hence thesis;
end;
hence thesis;
end;
end
definition
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set;
let A be
finite
set;
::
COMBGRAS:def13
func
^^ (A,X,k) ->
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) equals
:
Def13: (
^^ (A,X));
coherence
proof
A3: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { B where B be
Subset of X : (
card B)
= k } by
A1,
Def1;
(
^^ (A,X))
c= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
proof
let x be
object;
assume x
in (
^^ (A,X));
then ex B1 be
Subset of X st x
= B1 & (
card B1)
= ((
card A)
+ 1) & A
c= B1;
hence thesis by
A2,
A3;
end;
hence thesis;
end;
end
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:18
Th18: for S1,S2 be
IncProjStr holds for F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2 holds for K be
Subset of the
Points of S1 holds (F
.: K)
= { B where B be
POINT of S2 : ex A be
POINT of S1 st (A
in K & (F
. A)
= B) }
proof
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S1;
set Image = { B where B be
POINT of S2 : ex A be
POINT of S1 st (A
in K & (F
. A)
= B) };
A1: (F
.: K)
c= Image
proof
let b be
object;
assume b
in (F
.: K);
then
consider a be
object such that
A2: a
in (
dom the
point-map of F) and
A3: a
in K and
A4: b
= (the
point-map of F
. a) by
FUNCT_1:def 6;
consider A be
POINT of S1 such that
A5: a
= A by
A2;
b
in the
Points of S2 by
A2,
A4,
FUNCT_2: 5;
then
consider B1 be
POINT of S2 such that
A6: b
= B1;
(F
. A)
= B1 by
A4,
A5,
A6;
hence thesis by
A3,
A4,
A5;
end;
Image
c= (F
.: K)
proof
let b be
object;
assume b
in Image;
then
A7: ex B be
POINT of S2 st B
= b & ex A be
POINT of S1 st A
in K & (F
. A)
= B;
the
Points of S1
= (
dom the
point-map of F) by
FUNCT_2:def 1;
hence thesis by
A7,
FUNCT_1:def 6;
end;
hence thesis by
A1,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:19
for S1,S2 be
IncProjStr holds for F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2 holds for K be
Subset of the
Points of S2 holds (F
" K)
= { A where A be
POINT of S1 : ex B be
POINT of S2 st (B
in K & (F
. A)
= B) }
proof
let S1,S2 be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S1, S2;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S2;
set Image = { A where A be
POINT of S1 : ex B be
POINT of S2 st (B
in K & (F
. A)
= B) };
A1: (F
" K)
c= Image
proof
let a be
object;
assume
A2: a
in (F
" K);
then
consider A be
POINT of S1 such that
A3: a
= A;
A4: (the
point-map of F
. a)
in K by
A2,
FUNCT_1:def 7;
then
consider B1 be
POINT of S2 such that
A5: (the
point-map of F
. a)
= B1;
(F
. A)
= B1 by
A3,
A5;
hence thesis by
A4,
A3;
end;
Image
c= (F
" K)
proof
let a be
object;
assume a
in Image;
then
A6: ex A be
POINT of S1 st A
= a & ex B be
POINT of S2 st B
in K & (F
. A)
= B;
the
Points of S1
= (
dom the
point-map of F) by
FUNCT_2:def 1;
hence thesis by
A6,
FUNCT_1:def 7;
end;
hence thesis by
A1,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:20
Th20: for S be
IncProjStr holds for F be
IncProjMap over S, S holds for K be
Subset of the
Points of S holds F is
incidence_preserving & K is
clique implies (F
.: K) is
clique
proof
let S be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S, S;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S;
assume that
A1: F is
incidence_preserving and
A2: K is
clique;
let B1,B2 be
POINT of S;
assume that
A3: B1
in (F
.: K) and
A4: B2
in (F
.: K);
A5: (F
.: K)
= { B where B be
POINT of S : ex A be
POINT of S st (A
in K & (F
. A)
= B) } by
Th18;
then
consider B11 be
POINT of S such that
A6: B1
= B11 and
A7: ex A be
POINT of S st A
in K & (F
. A)
= B11 by
A3;
consider B12 be
POINT of S such that
A8: B2
= B12 and
A9: ex A be
POINT of S st A
in K & (F
. A)
= B12 by
A5,
A4;
consider A12 be
POINT of S such that
A10: A12
in K and
A11: (F
. A12)
= B12 by
A9;
consider A11 be
POINT of S such that
A12: A11
in K and
A13: (F
. A11)
= B11 by
A7;
consider L1 be
LINE of S such that
A14:
{A11, A12}
on L1 by
A2,
A12,
A10;
A12
on L1 by
A14,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A15: (F
. A12)
on (F
. L1) by
A1;
A11
on L1 by
A14,
INCSP_1: 1;
then (F
. A11)
on (F
. L1) by
A1;
then
{B1, B2}
on (F
. L1) by
A6,
A8,
A13,
A11,
A15,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:21
Th21: for S be
IncProjStr holds for F be
IncProjMap over S, S holds for K be
Subset of the
Points of S holds F is
incidence_preserving & the
line-map of F is
onto & K is
clique implies (F
" K) is
clique
proof
let S be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S, S;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S;
assume that
A1: F is
incidence_preserving and
A2: the
line-map of F is
onto and
A3: K is
clique;
let A1,A2 be
POINT of S;
assume A1
in (F
" K) & A2
in (F
" K);
then (F
. A1)
in K & (F
. A2)
in K by
FUNCT_1:def 7;
then
consider L2 be
LINE of S such that
A4:
{(F
. A1), (F
. A2)}
on L2 by
A3;
the
Lines of S
= (
rng the
line-map of F) by
A2,
FUNCT_2:def 3;
then
consider l1 be
object such that
A5: l1
in (
dom the
line-map of F) and
A6: L2
= (the
line-map of F
. l1) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
consider L1 be
LINE of S such that
A7: L1
= l1 by
A5;
A8: L2
= (F
. L1) by
A6,
A7;
(F
. A2)
on L2 by
A4,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A9: A2
on L1 by
A1,
A8;
(F
. A1)
on L2 by
A4,
INCSP_1: 1;
then A1
on L1 by
A1,
A8;
then
{A1, A2}
on L1 by
A9,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:22
Th22: for S be
IncProjStr holds for F be
IncProjMap over S, S holds for K be
Subset of the
Points of S holds F is
automorphism & K is
maximal_clique implies (F
.: K) is
maximal_clique & (F
" K) is
maximal_clique
proof
let S be
IncProjStr;
let F be
IncProjMap over S, S;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of S;
assume that
A1: F is
automorphism and
A2: K is
maximal_clique;
A3: F is
incidence_preserving by
A1;
the
point-map of F is
bijective by
A1;
then
A4: the
Points of S
= (
rng the
point-map of F) by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
A5: the
Points of S
= (
dom the
point-map of F) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
A6: for U be
Subset of the
Points of S st U is
clique & (F
" K)
c= U holds U
= (F
" K)
proof
let U be
Subset of the
Points of S such that
A7: U is
clique and
A8: (F
" K)
c= U;
(F
.: (F
" K))
c= (F
.: U) by
A8,
RELAT_1: 123;
then
A9: K
c= (F
.: U) by
A4,
FUNCT_1: 77;
A10: U
c= (F
" (F
.: U)) by
A5,
FUNCT_1: 76;
(F
.: U) is
clique by
A3,
A7,
Th20;
then U
c= (F
" K) by
A2,
A9,
A10;
hence thesis by
A8,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
A11: the
line-map of F is
bijective by
A1;
A12: for U be
Subset of the
Points of S st U is
clique & (F
.: K)
c= U holds U
= (F
.: K)
proof
A13: K
c= (F
" (F
.: K)) by
A5,
FUNCT_1: 76;
let U be
Subset of the
Points of S such that
A14: U is
clique and
A15: (F
.: K)
c= U;
(F
" (F
.: K))
c= (F
" U) by
A15,
RELAT_1: 143;
then
A16: K
c= (F
" U) by
A13;
(F
" U) is
clique by
A11,
A3,
A14,
Th21;
then (F
.: (F
" U))
c= (F
.: K) by
A2,
A16;
then U
c= (F
.: K) by
A4,
FUNCT_1: 77;
hence thesis by
A15,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
A17: K is
clique by
A2;
then
A18: (F
.: K) is
clique by
A3,
Th20;
(F
" K) is
clique by
A11,
A17,
A3,
Th21;
hence thesis by
A18,
A12,
A6;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:23
Th23: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st 2
<= k & (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X) holds for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) st F is
automorphism holds for K be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds K is
STAR implies (F
.: K) is
STAR & (F
" K) is
STAR
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1: 2
<= k and
A2: (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X);
let F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A3: F is
automorphism;
A4: (k
- 1) is
Element of
NAT by
A1,
NAT_1: 21,
XXREAL_0: 2;
then
reconsider k1 = (k
- 1) as
Nat;
A5: (
succ (
Segm k1))
= (
Segm (k1
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
(2
- 1)
<= (k
- 1) by
A1,
XREAL_1: 9;
then
A6: (
Segm 1)
c= (
Segm k1) by
NAT_1: 39;
A7: 1
<= k by
A1,
XXREAL_0: 2;
then
A8: (
Segm 1)
c= (
Segm k) by
NAT_1: 39;
let K be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
assume
A9: K is
STAR;
then
A10: K is
maximal_clique by
A1,
A2,
Th14;
then
A11: K is
clique;
(k
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 2) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then (
Segm (k
+ 1))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 2)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A12: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) by
A2;
then
A13: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A1,
Def1;
A14: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
A12,
Def1;
A15: (k
+
0 )
<= (k
+ 1) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then 1
<= (k
+ 1) by
A7,
XXREAL_0: 2;
then
A16: (
Segm 1)
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 39;
A17: not (F
" K) is
TOP
proof
assume (F
" K) is
TOP;
then
consider B be
Subset of X such that
A18: (
card B)
= (k
+ 1) & (F
" K)
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & A
c= B };
consider X1 be
set such that
A19: X1
c= B & (
card X1)
= 1 by
A16,
A18,
CARD_FIL: 36;
A20: B is
finite by
A18;
then
A21: (
card (B
\ X1))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A18,
A19,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider X2 be
set such that
A22: X2
c= (B
\ X1) and
A23: (
card X2)
= 1 by
A8,
CARD_FIL: 36;
consider m be
Nat such that
A24: m
= (k
- 1) by
A4;
A25: (
card (B
\ X2))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A18,
A20,
A22,
A23,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then (B
\ X2)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A13;
then
consider B2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A26: (B
\ X2)
= B2;
(
card ((B
\ X1)
\ X2))
= (k
- 1) by
A20,
A21,
A22,
A23,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider X3 be
set such that
A27: X3
c= ((B
\ X1)
\ X2) and
A28: (
card X3)
= 1 by
A6,
CARD_FIL: 36;
A29: X3
c= (B
\ (X2
\/ X1)) by
A27,
XBOOLE_1: 41;
then
A30: (
card (B
\ X3))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A18,
A20,
A28,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then (B
\ X3)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A13;
then
consider B3 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A31: (B
\ X3)
= B3;
B
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A14,
A18;
then
consider L2 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A32: B
= L2;
(B
\ X1)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A13,
A21;
then
consider B1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A33: (B
\ X1)
= B1;
consider S be
Subset of X such that
A34: (
card S)
= (k
- 1) and
A35: K
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S
c= A } by
A9;
consider A1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A36: A1
= (F
. B1);
A37: X3
c= ((B
\ X2)
\ X1) by
A29,
XBOOLE_1: 41;
A38: (B
\ X1)
<> (B
\ X2) & (B
\ X2)
<> (B
\ X3) & (B
\ X1)
<> (B
\ X3)
proof
assume (B
\ X1)
= (B
\ X2) or (B
\ X2)
= (B
\ X3) or (B
\ X1)
= (B
\ X3);
then X2
=
{} or X3
=
{} or X3
=
{} by
A22,
A27,
A37,
XBOOLE_1: 38,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
hence contradiction by
A23,
A28;
end;
consider A3 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A39: A3
= (F
. B3);
A40: (B
\ X3)
c= B by
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then B3
in (F
" K) by
A18,
A30,
A31;
then
A41: A3
in K by
A39,
FUNCT_1:def 7;
then
A42: ex A13 be
Subset of X st A3
= A13 & (
card A13)
= k & S
c= A13 by
A35;
A43: (B
\ X1)
c= B by
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then B1
in (F
" K) by
A18,
A21,
A33;
then
A44: A1
in K by
A36,
FUNCT_1:def 7;
then
A45: ex A11 be
Subset of X st A1
= A11 & (
card A11)
= k & S
c= A11 by
A35;
then
A46: (
card A1)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1);
consider A2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A47: A2
= (F
. B2);
A48: (B
\ X2)
c= B by
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then B2
in (F
" K) by
A18,
A25,
A26;
then
A49: A2
in K by
A47,
FUNCT_1:def 7;
then
consider L3a be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A50:
{A1, A2}
on L3a by
A11,
A44;
A51: (
card A1)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A45;
A52: F is
incidence_preserving by
A3;
A53: (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3))
c= (
card (A1
/\ A2)) by
CARD_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
consider L1 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A54: L1
= (F
. L2);
B1
on L2 by
A1,
A12,
A43,
A33,
A32,
Th10;
then
A55: A1
on L1 by
A52,
A36,
A54;
then
A56: A1
c= L1 by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
L1
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A57: ex l12 be
Subset of X st L1
= l12 & (
card l12)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
B3
on L2 by
A1,
A12,
A40,
A31,
A32,
Th10;
then
A58: A3
on L1 by
A52,
A39,
A54;
then
A59: A3
c= L1 by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
then (A1
\/ A3)
c= L1 by
A56,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A60: (
card (A1
\/ A3))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A57,
CARD_1: 11;
A61: ex A12 be
Subset of X st A2
= A12 & (
card A12)
= k & S
c= A12 by
A49,
A35;
then
A62: (
card A2)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1);
B2
on L2 by
A1,
A12,
A48,
A26,
A32,
Th10;
then
A63: A2
on L1 by
A52,
A47,
A54;
then
A64: A2
c= L1 by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
then (A1
\/ A2)
c= L1 by
A56,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A65: (
card (A1
\/ A2))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A57,
CARD_1: 11;
A66: the
point-map of F is
bijective & the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= (
dom the
point-map of F) by
A3,
FUNCT_2: 52;
then
A67: A1
<> A2 by
A38,
A33,
A26,
A36,
A47,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A1
\/ A2)) by
A45,
A61,
Th1;
then (
card (A1
\/ A2))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A65,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A68: (
card (A1
/\ A2))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A4,
A61,
A46,
Th2;
{A1, A2}
on L1 by
A55,
A63,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A69: L1
= L3a by
A67,
A50,
INCSP_1:def 10;
consider L3b be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A70:
{A2, A3}
on L3b by
A11,
A49,
A41;
A1
<> A3 by
A66,
A38,
A33,
A31,
A36,
A39,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A1
\/ A3)) by
A45,
A42,
Th1;
then (
card (A1
\/ A3))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A60,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A71: (
card (A1
/\ A3))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A4,
A42,
A46,
Th2;
A3
on L3b by
A70,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A72: A3
c= L3b by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
A2
on L3b by
A70,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A73: A2
c= L3b by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
L3b
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A74: ex l13b be
Subset of X st L3b
= l13b & (
card l13b)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
(
card (A1
/\ A2))
in (
succ (k
- 1)) by
A5,
A67,
A45,
A61,
Th1;
then (
card (A1
/\ A2))
c= m by
A24,
ORDINAL1: 22;
then
A75: (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3))
c= m by
A53;
S
c= (A1
/\ A2) by
A45,
A61,
XBOOLE_1: 19;
then S
c= ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3) by
A42,
XBOOLE_1: 19;
then m
c= (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)) by
A34,
A24,
CARD_1: 11;
then
A76: (k
- 1)
= (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)) by
A24,
A75,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
A1
on L3a by
A50,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A77: A1
c= L3a by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
A78: (k
- 1)
<> ((k
+ 1)
- 3);
(A2
\/ A3)
c= L1 by
A64,
A59,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A79: (
card (A2
\/ A3))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A57,
CARD_1: 11;
A80: A2
<> A3 by
A66,
A38,
A26,
A31,
A47,
A39,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A2
\/ A3)) by
A61,
A42,
Th1;
then (
card (A2
\/ A3))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A79,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A81: (
card (A2
/\ A3))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A4,
A42,
A62,
Th2;
(2
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 1) & 2
<= (k
+ 1) by
A1,
A15,
XREAL_1: 6,
XXREAL_0: 2;
then
A82: (
card ((A1
\/ A2)
\/ A3))
= ((k
+ 1)
+ 1) by
A61,
A42,
A76,
A68,
A51,
A81,
A71,
A78,
Th7;
A83: L3a
<> L3b
proof
assume L3a
= L3b;
then (A1
\/ A2)
c= L3b by
A77,
A73,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then ((A1
\/ A2)
\/ A3)
c= L3b by
A72,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
Segm (k
+ 2))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
A82,
A74,
CARD_1: 11;
then (k
+ 2)
<= (k
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 39;
hence contradiction by
XREAL_1: 6;
end;
{A2, A3}
on L1 by
A63,
A58,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A80,
A70,
A83,
A69,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
A84: not (F
.: K) is
TOP
proof
A85: (k
- 1)
<> ((k
+ 1)
- 3);
assume (F
.: K) is
TOP;
then
consider B be
Subset of X such that
A86: (
card B)
= (k
+ 1) & (F
.: K)
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & A
c= B };
B
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A14,
A86;
then
consider L2 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A87: B
= L2;
the
line-map of F is
bijective by
A3;
then the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= (
rng the
line-map of F) by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
then
consider l1 be
object such that
A88: l1
in (
dom the
line-map of F) and
A89: L2
= (the
line-map of F
. l1) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
consider L1 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A90: l1
= L1 by
A88;
A91: L2
= (F
. L1) by
A89,
A90;
consider X1 be
set such that
A92: X1
c= B & (
card X1)
= 1 by
A16,
A86,
CARD_FIL: 36;
A93: B is
finite by
A86;
then
A94: (
card (B
\ X1))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A86,
A92,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider X2 be
set such that
A95: X2
c= (B
\ X1) and
A96: (
card X2)
= 1 by
A8,
CARD_FIL: 36;
consider m be
Nat such that
A97: m
= (k
- 1) by
A4;
(
card ((B
\ X1)
\ X2))
= (k
- 1) by
A93,
A94,
A95,
A96,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider X3 be
set such that
A98: X3
c= ((B
\ X1)
\ X2) and
A99: (
card X3)
= 1 by
A6,
CARD_FIL: 36;
A100: X3
c= (B
\ (X2
\/ X1)) by
A98,
XBOOLE_1: 41;
then
A101: (
card (B
\ X3))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A86,
A93,
A99,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then (B
\ X3)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A13;
then
consider B3 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A102: (B
\ X3)
= B3;
L1
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A103: ex l12 be
Subset of X st L1
= l12 & (
card l12)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
(B
\ X1)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A13,
A94;
then
consider B1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A104: (B
\ X1)
= B1;
A105: (B
\ X1)
c= B by
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then
A106: B1
on L2 by
A1,
A12,
A104,
A87,
Th10;
consider S be
Subset of X such that
A107: (
card S)
= (k
- 1) and
A108: K
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S
c= A } by
A9;
A109: F is
incidence_preserving by
A3;
A110: (B
\ X3)
c= B by
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then
A111: B3
on L2 by
A1,
A12,
A102,
A87,
Th10;
A112: the
point-map of F is
bijective by
A3;
then
A113: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= (
rng the
point-map of F) by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
then
consider a3 be
object such that
A114: a3
in (
dom the
point-map of F) and
A115: B3
= (the
point-map of F
. a3) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
consider A3 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A116: a3
= A3 by
A114;
consider a1 be
object such that
A117: a1
in (
dom the
point-map of F) and
A118: B1
= (the
point-map of F
. a1) by
A113,
FUNCT_1:def 3;
consider A1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A119: a1
= A1 by
A117;
B3
in (F
.: K) by
A86,
A101,
A110,
A102;
then ex C3 be
object st C3
in (
dom the
point-map of F) & C3
in K & B3
= (the
point-map of F
. C3) by
FUNCT_1:def 6;
then
A120: A3
in K by
A112,
A114,
A115,
A116,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
then
A121: ex A13 be
Subset of X st A3
= A13 & (
card A13)
= k & S
c= A13 by
A108;
B1
in (F
.: K) by
A86,
A94,
A105,
A104;
then ex C1 be
object st C1
in (
dom the
point-map of F) & C1
in K & B1
= (the
point-map of F
. C1) by
FUNCT_1:def 6;
then
A122: A1
in K by
A112,
A117,
A118,
A119,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
then
A123: ex A11 be
Subset of X st A1
= A11 & (
card A11)
= k & S
c= A11 by
A108;
then
A124: (
card A1)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1);
A125: B1
= (F
. A1) by
A118,
A119;
then A1
on L1 by
A109,
A106,
A91;
then
A126: A1
c= L1 by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
A127: B3
= (F
. A3) by
A115,
A116;
then A3
on L1 by
A109,
A111,
A91;
then
A128: A3
c= L1 by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
then (A1
\/ A3)
c= L1 by
A126,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A129: (
card (A1
\/ A3))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A103,
CARD_1: 11;
A130: X3
c= ((B
\ X2)
\ X1) by
A100,
XBOOLE_1: 41;
A131: (B
\ X1)
<> (B
\ X2) & (B
\ X2)
<> (B
\ X3) & (B
\ X1)
<> (B
\ X3)
proof
assume (B
\ X1)
= (B
\ X2) or (B
\ X2)
= (B
\ X3) or (B
\ X1)
= (B
\ X3);
then X2
=
{} or X3
=
{} or X3
=
{} by
A95,
A98,
A130,
XBOOLE_1: 38,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
hence contradiction by
A96,
A99;
end;
then (k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A1
\/ A3)) by
A104,
A102,
A118,
A115,
A119,
A116,
A123,
A121,
Th1;
then (
card (A1
\/ A3))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A129,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A132: (
card (A1
/\ A3))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A4,
A121,
A124,
Th2;
A133: (
card (B
\ X2))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A86,
A93,
A95,
A96,
CARD_2: 44,
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then (B
\ X2)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A13;
then
consider B2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A134: (B
\ X2)
= B2;
A135: (B
\ X2)
c= B by
XBOOLE_1: 106;
then
A136: B2
on L2 by
A1,
A12,
A134,
A87,
Th10;
consider a2 be
object such that
A137: a2
in (
dom the
point-map of F) and
A138: B2
= (the
point-map of F
. a2) by
A113,
FUNCT_1:def 3;
consider A2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A139: a2
= A2 by
A137;
B2
in (F
.: K) by
A86,
A133,
A135,
A134;
then ex C2 be
object st C2
in (
dom the
point-map of F) & C2
in K & B2
= (the
point-map of F
. C2) by
FUNCT_1:def 6;
then
A140: A2
in K by
A112,
A137,
A138,
A139,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
then
A141: ex A12 be
Subset of X st A2
= A12 & (
card A12)
= k & S
c= A12 by
A108;
then
A142: (
card A2)
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1);
A143: B2
= (F
. A2) by
A138,
A139;
then A2
on L1 by
A109,
A136,
A91;
then
A144: A2
c= L1 by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
then (A1
\/ A2)
c= L1 by
A126,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A145: (
card (A1
\/ A2))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A103,
CARD_1: 11;
(k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A1
\/ A2)) by
A131,
A104,
A134,
A118,
A138,
A119,
A139,
A123,
A141,
Th1;
then (
card (A1
\/ A2))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A145,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A146: (
card (A1
/\ A2))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A4,
A141,
A124,
Th2;
A147: A2
on L1 by
A109,
A136,
A143,
A91;
(A2
\/ A3)
c= L1 by
A144,
A128,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A148: (
card (A2
\/ A3))
c= (k
+ 1) by
A103,
CARD_1: 11;
(k
+ 1)
c= (
card (A2
\/ A3)) by
A131,
A134,
A102,
A138,
A115,
A139,
A116,
A141,
A121,
Th1;
then (
card (A2
\/ A3))
= ((k
- 1)
+ (2
* 1)) by
A148,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A149: (
card (A2
/\ A3))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 2) by
A4,
A121,
A142,
Th2;
A150: (
card A1)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A123;
consider L3a be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A151:
{A1, A2}
on L3a by
A11,
A122,
A140;
(
card (A1
/\ A2))
in k by
A131,
A104,
A134,
A118,
A138,
A119,
A139,
A123,
A141,
Th1;
then
A152: (
card (A1
/\ A2))
c= m by
A5,
A97,
ORDINAL1: 22;
(
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3))
c= (
card (A1
/\ A2)) by
CARD_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 17;
then
A153: (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3))
c= m by
A152;
S
c= (A1
/\ A2) by
A123,
A141,
XBOOLE_1: 19;
then S
c= ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3) by
A121,
XBOOLE_1: 19;
then m
c= (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)) by
A107,
A97,
CARD_1: 11;
then
A154: (k
- 1)
= (
card ((A1
/\ A2)
/\ A3)) by
A97,
A153,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
A1
on L3a by
A151,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A155: A1
c= L3a by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
consider L3b be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A156:
{A2, A3}
on L3b by
A11,
A140,
A120;
A3
on L3b by
A156,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A157: A3
c= L3b by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
A2
on L3b by
A156,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A158: A2
c= L3b by
A1,
A12,
Th10;
L3b
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A159: ex l13b be
Subset of X st L3b
= l13b & (
card l13b)
= (k
+ 1) by
A14;
(2
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 1) & 2
<= (k
+ 1) by
A1,
A15,
XREAL_1: 6,
XXREAL_0: 2;
then
A160: (
card ((A1
\/ A2)
\/ A3))
= ((k
+ 1)
+ 1) by
A141,
A121,
A154,
A146,
A150,
A149,
A132,
A85,
Th7;
A161: L3a
<> L3b
proof
assume L3a
= L3b;
then (A1
\/ A2)
c= L3b by
A155,
A158,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then ((A1
\/ A2)
\/ A3)
c= L3b by
A157,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
Segm (k
+ 2))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
A160,
A159,
CARD_1: 11;
then (k
+ 2)
<= (k
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 39;
hence contradiction by
XREAL_1: 6;
end;
A1
on L1 by
A109,
A106,
A125,
A91;
then
{A1, A2}
on L1 by
A147,
INCSP_1: 1;
then
A162: L1
= L3a by
A131,
A104,
A134,
A118,
A138,
A119,
A139,
A151,
INCSP_1:def 10;
A3
on L1 by
A109,
A111,
A127,
A91;
then
{A2, A3}
on L1 by
A147,
INCSP_1: 1;
hence contradiction by
A131,
A134,
A102,
A138,
A115,
A139,
A116,
A156,
A161,
A162,
INCSP_1:def 10;
end;
(F
.: K) is
maximal_clique & (F
" K) is
maximal_clique by
A3,
A10,
Th22;
hence thesis by
A1,
A2,
A84,
A17,
Th15;
end;
definition
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set;
let s be
Permutation of X;
::
COMBGRAS:def14
func
incprojmap (k,s) ->
strict
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) means
:
Def14: (for A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (it
. A)
= (s
.: A)) & for L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (it
. L)
= (s
.: L);
existence
proof
deffunc
F(
set) = (s
.: $1);
consider P be
Function such that
A2: (
dom P)
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) & for x st x
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (P
. x)
=
F(x) from
FUNCT_1:sch 5;
A3: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A1,
Def1;
(
rng P)
c= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
proof
let b be
object;
reconsider bb = b as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
assume b
in (
rng P);
then
consider a be
object such that
A4: a
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) and
A5: b
= (P
. a) by
A2,
FUNCT_1:def 3;
consider A be
Subset of X such that
A6: A
= a and
A7: (
card A)
= k by
A3,
A4;
A8: b
= (s
.: A) by
A2,
A4,
A5,
A6;
A9: bb
c= X
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in bb;
then ex x be
object st x
in (
dom s) & x
in A & y
= (s
. x) by
A8,
FUNCT_1:def 6;
then y
in (
rng s) by
FUNCT_1: 3;
hence thesis by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
end;
(
dom s)
= X by
FUNCT_2:def 1;
then (
card bb)
= k by
A7,
A8,
Th4;
hence thesis by
A3,
A9;
end;
then
reconsider P as
Function of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)), the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A2,
FUNCT_2: 2;
A10: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
Def1;
consider L be
Function such that
A11: (
dom L)
= the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) & for x st x
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (L
. x)
=
F(x) from
FUNCT_1:sch 5;
(
rng L)
c= the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
proof
let b be
object;
reconsider bb = b as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
assume b
in (
rng L);
then
consider a be
object such that
A12: a
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) and
A13: b
= (L
. a) by
A11,
FUNCT_1:def 3;
consider A be
Subset of X such that
A14: A
= a and
A15: (
card A)
= (k
+ 1) by
A10,
A12;
A16: b
= (s
.: A) by
A11,
A12,
A13,
A14;
A17: bb
c= X
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in bb;
then ex x be
object st x
in (
dom s) & x
in A & y
= (s
. x) by
A16,
FUNCT_1:def 6;
then y
in (
rng s) by
FUNCT_1: 3;
hence thesis by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
end;
(
dom s)
= X by
FUNCT_2:def 1;
then (
card bb)
= (k
+ 1) by
A15,
A16,
Th4;
hence thesis by
A10,
A17;
end;
then
reconsider L as
Function of the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)), the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A11,
FUNCT_2: 2;
take
IncProjMap (# P, L #);
thus thesis by
A2,
A11;
end;
uniqueness
proof
let f1,f2 be
strict
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X));
assume that
A18: for A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (f1
. A)
= (s
.: A) and
A19: for L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (f1
. L)
= (s
.: L) and
A20: for A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (f2
. A)
= (s
.: A) and
A21: for L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (f2
. L)
= (s
.: L);
A22: for L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (f1
. L)
= (f2
. L)
proof
let L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X));
(f1
. L)
= (s
.: L) by
A19;
hence thesis by
A21;
end;
for A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) holds (f1
. A)
= (f2
. A)
proof
let A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
(f1
. A)
= (s
.: A) by
A18;
hence thesis by
A20;
end;
hence thesis by
A22,
Th16;
end;
end
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:24
Th24: for k be
Nat holds for X be non
empty
set st k
= 1 & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) st F is
automorphism holds ex s be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,s))
proof
deffunc
CH(
object) =
{$1};
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1: k
= 1 & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
A2: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= 1 } by
A1,
Def1;
consider c be
Function such that
A3: (
dom c)
= X and
A4: for x be
object st x
in X holds (c
. x)
=
CH(x) from
FUNCT_1:sch 3;
A5: (
rng c)
c= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in (
rng c);
then
consider x be
object such that
A6: x
in (
dom c) & y
= (c
. x) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
A7: (
card
{x})
= 1 by
CARD_1: 30;
{x}
c= X & y
=
{x} by
A3,
A4,
A6,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
hence thesis by
A2,
A7;
end;
let F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A8: F is
automorphism;
A9: the
point-map of F is
bijective by
A8;
reconsider c as
Function of X, the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A3,
A5,
FUNCT_2: 2;
deffunc
W(
Element of X) = (
union (F
. (c
. $1)));
consider f be
Function such that
A10: (
dom f)
= X and
A11: for x be
Element of X holds (f
. x)
=
W(x) from
FUNCT_1:sch 4;
(
rng f)
c= X
proof
let b be
object;
assume b
in (
rng f);
then
consider a be
object such that
A12: a
in X and
A13: b
= (f
. a) by
A10,
FUNCT_1:def 3;
reconsider a as
Element of X by
A12;
A14: b
= (
union (F
. (c
. a))) by
A11,
A13;
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A15: A
= (F
. (c
. a));
A
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A16: ex A1 be
Subset of X st A1
= A & (
card A1)
= 1 by
A2;
then
consider x be
object such that
A17: A
=
{x} by
CARD_2: 42;
x
in X by
A16,
A17,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
hence thesis by
A14,
A15,
A17,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
end;
then
reconsider f as
Function of X, X by
A10,
FUNCT_2: 2;
A18: F is
incidence_preserving by
A8;
A19: (
dom the
point-map of F)
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
A20: f is
one-to-one
proof
let x1,x2 be
object such that
A21: x1
in (
dom f) & x2
in (
dom f) and
A22: (f
. x1)
= (f
. x2);
reconsider x1, x2 as
Element of X by
A21;
consider A1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A23: A1
= (F
. (c
. x1));
A1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex A11 be
Subset of X st A11
= A1 & (
card A11)
= 1 by
A2;
then
consider y1 be
object such that
A24: A1
=
{y1} by
CARD_2: 42;
A25: (c
. x1)
=
{x1} & (c
. x2)
=
{x2} by
A4;
consider A2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A26: A2
= (F
. (c
. x2));
A2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex A12 be
Subset of X st A12
= A2 & (
card A12)
= 1 by
A2;
then
consider y2 be
object such that
A27: A2
=
{y2} by
CARD_2: 42;
(f
. x2)
= (
union (F
. (c
. x2))) by
A11;
then
A28: (f
. x2)
= y2 by
A26,
A27,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
(f
. x1)
= (
union (F
. (c
. x1))) by
A11;
then (f
. x1)
= y1 by
A23,
A24,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
then (c
. x1)
= (c
. x2) by
A9,
A19,
A22,
A23,
A26,
A24,
A27,
A28,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
hence thesis by
A25,
ZFMISC_1: 3;
end;
A29: (
rng the
point-map of F)
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A9,
FUNCT_2:def 3;
for y be
object st y
in X holds ex x be
object st x
in X & y
= (f
. x)
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in X;
then
A30:
{y}
c= X by
ZFMISC_1: 31;
(
card
{y})
= 1 by
CARD_1: 30;
then
{y}
in (
rng the
point-map of F) by
A2,
A29,
A30;
then
consider a be
object such that
A31: a
in (
dom the
point-map of F) and
A32:
{y}
= (the
point-map of F
. a) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
a
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A31;
then
A33: ex A1 be
Subset of X st A1
= a & (
card A1)
= 1 by
A2;
then
consider x be
object such that
A34: a
=
{x} by
CARD_2: 42;
reconsider x as
Element of X by
A33,
A34,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
{y}
= (F
. (c
. x)) by
A4,
A32,
A34;
then y
= (
union (F
. (c
. x))) by
ZFMISC_1: 25;
then y
= (f
. x) by
A11;
hence thesis;
end;
then (
rng f)
= X by
FUNCT_2: 10;
then f is
onto by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
then
reconsider f as
Permutation of X by
A20;
A35: (
dom the
line-map of F)
= the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
A36: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (1
+ 1) } by
A1,
Def1;
A37: for x be
object st x
in (
dom the
line-map of F) holds (the
line-map of F
. x)
= (the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,f))
. x)
proof
let x be
object;
assume
A38: x
in (
dom the
line-map of F);
then
consider A be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A39: x
= A;
consider A11 be
Subset of X such that
A40: x
= A11 and
A41: (
card A11)
= 2 by
A36,
A35,
A38;
consider x1,x2 be
object such that
A42: x1
<> x2 and
A43: x
=
{x1, x2} by
A40,
A41,
CARD_2: 60;
reconsider x1, x2 as
Element of X by
A40,
A43,
ZFMISC_1: 32;
(c
. x1)
=
{x1} by
A4;
then
consider A1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A44: A1
=
{x1};
(c
. x2)
=
{x2} by
A4;
then
consider A2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A45: A2
=
{x2};
A1
<> A2 by
A42,
A44,
A45,
ZFMISC_1: 18;
then
A46: (F
. A1)
<> (F
. A2) by
A9,
A19,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
(F
. A2)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A47: ex B2 be
Subset of X st B2
= (F
. A2) & (
card B2)
= 1 by
A2;
then
consider y2 be
object such that
A48: (F
. A2)
=
{y2} by
CARD_2: 42;
A1
c= A by
A39,
A43,
A44,
ZFMISC_1: 36;
then A1
on A by
A1,
Th10;
then (F
. A1)
on (F
. A) by
A18;
then
A49: (F
. A1)
c= (F
. A) by
A1,
Th10;
A50: ((
incprojmap (k,f))
. A)
= (f
.: A) & (f
.: (A1
\/ A2))
= ((f
.: A1)
\/ (f
.: A2)) by
A1,
Def14,
RELAT_1: 120;
A51: (A1
\/ A2)
= A by
A39,
A43,
A44,
A45,
ENUMSET1: 1;
(F
. A1)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A52: ex B1 be
Subset of X st B1
= (F
. A1) & (
card B1)
= 1 by
A2;
then
A53: ex y1 be
object st (F
. A1)
=
{y1} by
CARD_2: 42;
A2
c= A by
A39,
A43,
A45,
ZFMISC_1: 36;
then A2
on A by
A1,
Th10;
then (F
. A2)
on (F
. A) by
A18;
then
A54: (F
. A2)
c= (F
. A) by
A1,
Th10;
(F
. (c
. x2))
= (F
. A2) by
A4,
A45;
then
A55: (f
. x2)
= (
union (F
. A2)) by
A11;
(
Im (f,x2))
=
{(f
. x2)} by
A10,
FUNCT_1: 59;
then
A56: (f
.: A2)
= (F
. A2) by
A45,
A55,
A48,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
A57: (F
. A1) is
finite by
A52;
not y2
in (F
. A1) by
A46,
A52,
A47,
A57,
A48,
CARD_2: 102,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A58: (
card ((F
. A1)
\/ (F
. A2)))
= (1
+ 1) by
A52,
A53,
A48,
CARD_2: 41;
(F
. (c
. x1))
= (F
. A1) by
A4,
A44;
then
A59: (f
. x1)
= (
union (F
. A1)) by
A11;
(
Im (f,x1))
=
{(f
. x1)} by
A10,
FUNCT_1: 59;
then
A60: (f
.: A1)
= (F
. A1) by
A44,
A59,
A53,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
(F
. A)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A61: ex B3 be
Subset of X st B3
= (F
. A) & (
card B3)
= 2 by
A36;
then (F
. A) is
finite;
hence thesis by
A39,
A50,
A51,
A49,
A54,
A61,
A58,
A60,
A56,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
end;
A62: for x be
object st x
in (
dom the
point-map of F) holds (the
point-map of F
. x)
= (the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,f))
. x)
proof
let x be
object;
assume
A63: x
in (
dom the
point-map of F);
then
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A64: x
= A;
A65: ex A1 be
Subset of X st x
= A1 & (
card A1)
= 1 by
A2,
A19,
A63;
then
consider x1 be
object such that
A66: x
=
{x1} by
CARD_2: 42;
reconsider x1 as
Element of X by
A65,
A66,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
(F
. (c
. x1))
= (F
. A) by
A4,
A64,
A66;
then
A67: (f
. x1)
= (
union (F
. A)) by
A11;
(F
. A)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
consider B be
Subset of X such that
A68: B
= (F
. A) and
A69: (
card B)
= 1 by
A2;
A70: ex x2 be
object st B
=
{x2} by
A69,
CARD_2: 42;
((
incprojmap (k,f))
. A)
= (f
.: A) & (
Im (f,x1))
=
{(f
. x1)} by
A1,
A10,
Def14,
FUNCT_1: 59;
hence thesis by
A64,
A66,
A67,
A68,
A70,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
end;
(
dom the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,f)))
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
then
A71: the
point-map of F
= the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,f)) by
A19,
A62;
(
dom the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,f)))
= the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
then the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,f)) by
A35,
A71,
A37,
FUNCT_1:def 11;
hence thesis;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:25
Th25: for k be
Nat holds for X be non
empty
set st 1
< k & (
card X)
= (k
+ 1) holds for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) st F is
automorphism holds ex s be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,s))
proof
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1: 1
< k and
A2: (k
+ 1)
= (
card X);
deffunc
CH(
object) = (X
\
{$1});
consider c be
Function such that
A3: (
dom c)
= X and
A4: for x be
object st x
in X holds (c
. x)
=
CH(x) from
FUNCT_1:sch 3;
A5: X is
finite by
A2;
A6: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A1,
A2,
Def1;
A7: (
rng c)
c= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in (
rng c);
then
consider x be
object such that
A8: x
in (
dom c) and
A9: y
= (c
. x) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
A10: (
card
{x})
= 1 by
CARD_1: 30;
{x}
c= X by
A3,
A8,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A11: (
card (X
\
{x}))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A2,
A5,
A10,
CARD_2: 44;
y
= (X
\
{x}) by
A3,
A4,
A8,
A9;
hence thesis by
A6,
A11;
end;
let F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X));
assume F is
automorphism;
then
A12: the
point-map of F is
bijective;
reconsider c as
Function of X, the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A3,
A7,
FUNCT_2: 2;
deffunc
W(
Element of X) = (
union (X
\ (F
. (c
. $1))));
consider f be
Function such that
A13: (
dom f)
= X and
A14: for x be
Element of X holds (f
. x)
=
W(x) from
FUNCT_1:sch 4;
(
rng f)
c= X
proof
let b be
object;
assume b
in (
rng f);
then
consider a be
object such that
A15: a
in X and
A16: b
= (f
. a) by
A13,
FUNCT_1:def 3;
reconsider a as
Element of X by
A15;
A17: b
= (
union (X
\ (F
. (c
. a)))) by
A14,
A16;
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A18: A
= (F
. (c
. a));
A
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex A1 be
Subset of X st A1
= A & (
card A1)
= k by
A6;
then (
card (X
\ A))
= ((k
+ 1)
- k) by
A2,
A5,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider x be
object such that
A19: (X
\ A)
=
{x} by
CARD_2: 42;
x
in X by
A19,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
hence thesis by
A17,
A18,
A19,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
end;
then
reconsider f as
Function of X, X by
A13,
FUNCT_2: 2;
A20: (
dom the
point-map of F)
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
A21: f is
one-to-one
proof
let x1,x2 be
object such that
A22: x1
in (
dom f) & x2
in (
dom f) and
A23: (f
. x1)
= (f
. x2);
reconsider x1, x2 as
Element of X by
A22;
consider A1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A24: A1
= (F
. (c
. x1));
consider A2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A25: A2
= (F
. (c
. x2));
A2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A26: ex A12 be
Subset of X st A12
= A2 & (
card A12)
= k by
A6;
then (
card (X
\ A2))
= ((k
+ 1)
- k) by
A2,
A5,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider y2 be
object such that
A27: (X
\ A2)
=
{y2} by
CARD_2: 42;
A1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A28: ex A11 be
Subset of X st A11
= A1 & (
card A11)
= k by
A6;
then (
card (X
\ A1))
= ((k
+ 1)
- k) by
A2,
A5,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider y1 be
object such that
A29: (X
\ A1)
=
{y1} by
CARD_2: 42;
(f
. x2)
= (
union (X
\ (F
. (c
. x2)))) by
A14;
then
A30: (f
. x2)
= y2 by
A25,
A27,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
(f
. x1)
= (
union (X
\ (F
. (c
. x1)))) by
A14;
then (f
. x1)
= y1 by
A24,
A29,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
then A1
= A2 by
A23,
A28,
A26,
A29,
A27,
A30,
Th5;
then
A31: (c
. x1)
= (c
. x2) by
A12,
A20,
A24,
A25,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
(c
. x1)
= (X
\
{x1}) & (c
. x2)
= (X
\
{x2}) by
A4;
then
{x1}
=
{x2} by
A31,
Th5;
hence thesis by
ZFMISC_1: 3;
end;
A32: (
rng the
point-map of F)
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A12,
FUNCT_2:def 3;
for y be
object st y
in X holds ex x be
object st x
in X & y
= (f
. x)
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in X;
then
A33:
{y}
c= X by
ZFMISC_1: 31;
(
card
{y})
= 1 by
CARD_1: 30;
then (
card (X
\
{y}))
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A2,
A5,
A33,
CARD_2: 44;
then (X
\
{y})
in (
rng the
point-map of F) by
A6,
A32;
then
consider a be
object such that
A34: a
in (
dom the
point-map of F) and
A35: (X
\
{y})
= (the
point-map of F
. a) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
reconsider a as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
a
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A34;
then
A36: ex A1 be
Subset of X st A1
= a & (
card A1)
= k by
A6;
then (
card (X
\ a))
= ((k
+ 1)
- k) by
A2,
A5,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider x be
object such that
A37: (X
\ a)
=
{x} by
CARD_2: 42;
reconsider x as
Element of X by
A37,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
(a
/\ X)
= (X
\
{x}) by
A37,
XBOOLE_1: 48;
then
A38: (X
\
{x})
= a by
A36,
XBOOLE_1: 28;
(c
. x)
= (X
\
{x}) by
A4;
then (X
/\
{y})
= (X
\ (F
. (c
. x))) by
A35,
A38,
XBOOLE_1: 48;
then
{y}
= (X
\ (F
. (c
. x))) by
A33,
XBOOLE_1: 28;
then y
= (
union (X
\ (F
. (c
. x)))) by
ZFMISC_1: 25;
then y
= (f
. x) by
A14;
hence thesis;
end;
then
A39: (
rng f)
= X by
FUNCT_2: 10;
then f is
onto by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
then
reconsider f as
Permutation of X by
A21;
A40: (
dom the
line-map of F)
= the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
A41: for x be
object st x
in (
dom the
point-map of F) holds (the
point-map of F
. x)
= (the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,f))
. x)
proof
let x be
object;
assume
A42: x
in (
dom the
point-map of F);
then
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A43: x
= A;
(F
. A)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A44: ex B be
Subset of X st B
= (F
. A) & (
card B)
= k by
A6;
then (
card (X
\ (F
. A)))
= ((k
+ 1)
- k) by
A2,
A5,
CARD_2: 44;
then
A45: ex x2 be
object st (X
\ (F
. A))
=
{x2} by
CARD_2: 42;
(X
\ (X
\ (F
. A)))
= ((F
. A)
/\ X) & ((F
. A)
/\ X)
= (F
. A) by
A44,
XBOOLE_1: 28,
XBOOLE_1: 48;
then
A46: (F
. A)
= (X
\
{(
union (X
\ (F
. A)))}) by
A45,
ZFMISC_1: 25;
A47: (f
.: X)
= X by
A39,
RELSET_1: 22;
A48: ex A1 be
Subset of X st x
= A1 & (
card A1)
= k by
A6,
A20,
A42;
then
A49: (X
\ (X
\ A))
= (A
/\ X) & (A
/\ X)
= A by
A43,
XBOOLE_1: 28,
XBOOLE_1: 48;
(
card (X
\ A))
= ((k
+ 1)
- k) by
A2,
A5,
A43,
A48,
CARD_2: 44;
then
consider x1 be
object such that
A50: (X
\ A)
=
{x1} by
CARD_2: 42;
reconsider x1 as
Element of X by
A50,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
A51: (c
. x1)
= (X
\
{x1}) & (
Im (f,x1))
=
{(f
. x1)} by
A4,
A13,
FUNCT_1: 59;
((
incprojmap (k,f))
. A)
= (f
.: A) by
A1,
A2,
Def14;
then ((
incprojmap (k,f))
. A)
= ((f
.: X)
\ (f
.:
{x1})) by
A50,
A49,
FUNCT_1: 64;
hence thesis by
A14,
A43,
A50,
A46,
A49,
A51,
A47;
end;
(
dom the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,f)))
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
then
A52: the
point-map of F
= the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,f)) by
A20,
A41;
A53: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
A2,
Def1;
A54: for x be
object st x
in (
dom the
line-map of F) holds (the
line-map of F
. x)
= (the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,f))
. x)
proof
let x be
object;
assume
A55: x
in (
dom the
line-map of F);
then
consider A be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A56: x
= A;
(F
. A)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex y be
Subset of X st y
= (F
. A) & (
card y)
= (k
+ 1) by
A53;
then
A57: (F
. A)
= X by
A2,
A5,
CARD_2: 102;
ex A11 be
Subset of X st x
= A11 & (
card A11)
= (k
+ 1) by
A53,
A40,
A55;
then
A58: x
= X by
A2,
A5,
CARD_2: 102;
reconsider xx = x as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
((
incprojmap (k,f))
. A)
= (f
.: xx) by
A1,
A2,
A56,
Def14;
hence thesis by
A39,
A56,
A58,
A57,
RELSET_1: 22;
end;
(
dom the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,f)))
= the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
then the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,f)) by
A40,
A52,
A54,
FUNCT_1:def 11;
hence thesis;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:26
Th26: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for T be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds for S be
Subset of X holds (
card S)
= (k
- 1) & T
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S
c= A } implies S
= (
meet T)
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1:
0
< k and
A2: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
(k
- 1) is
Element of
NAT by
A1,
NAT_1: 20;
then
reconsider k1 = (k
- 1) as
Nat;
let T be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
let S be
Subset of X;
assume that
A3: (
card S)
= (k
- 1) and
A4: T
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S
c= A };
A5: S is
finite by
A1,
A3,
NAT_1: 20;
A6: T
<>
{}
proof
(X
\ S)
<>
{}
proof
assume (X
\ S)
=
{} ;
then X
c= S by
XBOOLE_1: 37;
then (
card X)
= k1 by
A3,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (
Segm (k
+ 1))
c= (
Segm k1) by
A2;
then (1
+ k)
<= ((
- 1)
+ k) by
NAT_1: 39;
hence contradiction by
XREAL_1: 6;
end;
then
consider x be
object such that
A7: x
in (X
\ S) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
{x}
c= X by
A7,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A8: S
c= (S
\/
{x}) & (S
\/
{x})
c= X by
XBOOLE_1: 7,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
not x
in S by
A7,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then (
card (S
\/
{x}))
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A3,
A5,
CARD_2: 41;
then (S
\/
{x})
in T by
A4,
A8;
hence thesis;
end;
A9: (
meet T)
c= S
proof
let y be
object such that
A10: y
in (
meet T);
y
in S
proof
consider a1 be
object such that
A11: a1
in T by
A6,
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
reconsider a1 as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
A12: ex A1 be
Subset of X st a1
= A1 & (
card A1)
= k & S
c= A1 by
A4,
A11;
then
A13: a1 is
finite;
(X
\ a1)
<>
{}
proof
assume (X
\ a1)
=
{} ;
then X
c= a1 by
XBOOLE_1: 37;
then (
card X)
= k by
A12,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then (
Segm (1
+ k))
c= (
Segm (
0
+ k)) by
A2;
then (1
+ k)
<= (
0
+ k) by
NAT_1: 39;
hence contradiction by
XREAL_1: 6;
end;
then
consider y2 be
object such that
A14: y2
in (X
\ a1) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
assume
A15: not y
in S;
A16: S
misses
{y}
proof
assume not S
misses
{y};
then (S
/\
{y})
<>
{} by
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
then
consider z be
object such that
A17: z
in (S
/\
{y}) by
XBOOLE_0:def 1;
z
in
{y} & z
in S by
A17,
XBOOLE_0:def 4;
hence contradiction by
A15,
TARSKI:def 1;
end;
then S
c= (a1
\
{y}) by
A12,
XBOOLE_1: 86;
then
A18: S
c= ((a1
\
{y})
\/
{y2}) by
XBOOLE_1: 10;
A19: y
in a1 by
A10,
A11,
SETFAM_1:def 1;
then y2
<> y by
A14,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then
A20: not y
in
{y2} by
TARSKI:def 1;
(
card
{y})
= 1 &
{y}
c= a1 by
A19,
CARD_1: 30,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
then
A21: (
card (a1
\
{y}))
= (k
- 1) by
A12,
A13,
CARD_2: 44;
then not y
in (a1
\
{y}) by
A3,
A15,
A12,
A13,
A16,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 86;
then
A22: not y
in ((a1
\
{y})
\/
{y2}) by
A20,
XBOOLE_0:def 3;
A23:
{y2}
c= X by
A14,
ZFMISC_1: 31;
(a1
\
{y})
c= X by
A12,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then
A24: ((a1
\
{y})
\/
{y2})
c= X by
A23,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
not y2
in (a1
\
{y}) by
A14,
XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then (
card ((a1
\
{y})
\/
{y2}))
= ((k
- 1)
+ 1) by
A13,
A21,
CARD_2: 41;
then ((a1
\
{y})
\/
{y2})
in T by
A4,
A24,
A18;
hence contradiction by
A10,
A22,
SETFAM_1:def 1;
end;
hence thesis;
end;
for a1 be
set st a1
in T holds S
c= a1
proof
let a1 be
set;
assume a1
in T;
then ex A1 be
Subset of X st a1
= A1 & (
card A1)
= k & S
c= A1 by
A4;
hence thesis;
end;
then S
c= (
meet T) by
A6,
SETFAM_1: 5;
hence thesis by
A9,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:27
for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for T be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) st T is
STAR holds for S be
Subset of X holds S
= (
meet T) implies (
card S)
= (k
- 1) & T
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S
c= A }
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1:
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
let T be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
assume T is
STAR;
then
consider S1 be
Subset of X such that
A2: (
card S1)
= (k
- 1) & T
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S1
c= A };
let S be
Subset of X;
assume
A3: S
= (
meet T);
S1
= (
meet T) by
A1,
A2,
Th26;
hence thesis by
A3,
A2;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:28
Th28: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for T1,T2 be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) st T1 is
STAR & T2 is
STAR & (
meet T1)
= (
meet T2) holds T1
= T2
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1:
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
let T1,T2 be
Subset of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A2: T1 is
STAR and
A3: T2 is
STAR and
A4: (
meet T1)
= (
meet T2);
consider S2 be
Subset of X such that
A5: (
card S2)
= (k
- 1) & T2
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S2
c= A } by
A3;
A6: S2
= (
meet T2) by
A1,
A5,
Th26;
consider S1 be
Subset of X such that
A7: (
card S1)
= (k
- 1) & T1
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k & S1
c= A } by
A2;
S1
= (
meet T1) by
A1,
A7,
Th26;
hence thesis by
A4,
A7,
A5,
A6;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:29
Th29: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for A be
finite
Subset of X st (
card A)
= (k
- 1) holds (
^^ (A,X,k)) is
STAR
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
let A be
finite
Subset of X such that
A2: (
card A)
= (k
- 1);
(
^^ (A,X,k))
= (
^^ (A,X)) by
A1,
A2,
Def13;
hence thesis by
A2;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:30
Th30: for k be
Element of
NAT holds for X be non
empty
set st (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for A be
finite
Subset of X st (
card A)
= (k
- 1) holds (
meet (
^^ (A,X,k)))
= A
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
let A be
finite
Subset of X such that
A2: (
card A)
= (k
- 1);
(
^^ (A,X,k))
= (
^^ (A,X)) by
A1,
A2,
Def13;
hence thesis by
A1,
A2,
Th26;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:31
Th31: for k be
Nat holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 3)
c= (
card X) holds for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)), (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) st F is
automorphism holds ex H be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) st H is
automorphism & the
line-map of H
= the
point-map of F & for A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)), B be
finite
set st B
= A holds (H
. A)
= (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1)))))
proof
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1:
0
< k and
A2: (k
+ 3)
c= (
card X);
let F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)), (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) such that
A3: F is
automorphism;
(
0
+ 2)
< (k
+ (1
+ 1)) by
A1,
XREAL_1: 6;
then (
0
+ 2)
< ((k
+ 1)
+ 1);
then
A4: 2
<= (k
+ 1) by
NAT_1: 13;
defpred
P[
object,
object] means ex B be
finite
set st B
= $1 & $2
= (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1)))));
((k
+ 1)
+
0 )
<= ((k
+ 1)
+ 2) by
XREAL_1: 6;
then (
Segm (k
+ 1))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 3)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A5: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) by
A2;
then
A6: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A1,
Def1;
A7: for e be
object st e
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds ex u be
object st
P[e, u]
proof
let e be
object;
assume e
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then ex B be
Subset of X st B
= e & (
card B)
= k by
A6;
then
reconsider B = e as
finite
Subset of X;
take (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1)))));
thus thesis;
end;
consider Hp be
Function such that
A8: (
dom Hp)
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) and
A9: for e be
object st e
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds
P[e, (Hp
. e)] from
CLASSES1:sch 1(
A7);
A10: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
A5,
Def1;
((k
+ 1)
+ 1)
<= ((k
+ 1)
+ 2) by
XREAL_1: 6;
then (
Segm (k
+ 2))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 3)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A11: ((k
+ 1)
+ 1)
c= (
card X) by
A2;
then
A12: the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= (k
+ 1) } by
Def1;
then
reconsider Hl = the
point-map of F as
Function of the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)), the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A10;
A13: ((k
+ 1)
+ 2)
c= (
card X) by
A2;
(
rng Hp)
c= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in (
rng Hp);
then
consider x be
object such that
A14: x
in (
dom Hp) and
A15: y
= (Hp
. x) by
FUNCT_1:def 3;
consider B be
finite
set such that
A16: B
= x and
A17: y
= (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1))))) by
A8,
A9,
A14,
A15;
A18: ex x1 be
Subset of X st x
= x1 & (
card x1)
= k by
A6,
A8,
A14;
(
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1))) is
STAR by
A11,
A16,
A18,
Th29;
then (F
.: (
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1)))) is
STAR by
A3,
A4,
A13,
Th23;
then
consider S be
Subset of X such that
A19: (
card S)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) and
A20: (F
.: (
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1))))
= { C where C be
Subset of X : (
card C)
= (k
+ 1) & S
c= C };
S
= (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1))))) by
A11,
A19,
A20,
Th26;
hence thesis by
A6,
A17,
A19;
end;
then
reconsider Hp as
Function of the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)), the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A8,
FUNCT_2: 2;
A21: the
point-map of F is
bijective by
A3;
A22: Hp is
one-to-one
proof
let x1,x2 be
object such that
A23: x1
in (
dom Hp) and
A24: x2
in (
dom Hp) and
A25: (Hp
. x1)
= (Hp
. x2);
consider X2 be
finite
set such that
A26: X2
= x2 and
A27: (Hp
. x2)
= (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (X2,X,(k
+ 1))))) by
A9,
A24;
A28: ex x12 be
Subset of X st x2
= x12 & (
card x12)
= k by
A6,
A8,
A24;
then
A29: (
card X2)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A26;
then
A30: (
meet (
^^ (X2,X,(k
+ 1))))
= X2 by
A11,
A26,
A28,
Th30;
(
^^ (X2,X,(k
+ 1))) is
STAR by
A11,
A26,
A28,
Th29;
then
A31: (F
.: (
^^ (X2,X,(k
+ 1)))) is
STAR by
A3,
A4,
A13,
Th23;
consider X1 be
finite
set such that
A32: X1
= x1 and
A33: (Hp
. x1)
= (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (X1,X,(k
+ 1))))) by
A9,
A23;
A34: ex x11 be
Subset of X st x1
= x11 & (
card x11)
= k by
A6,
A8,
A23;
(
^^ (X1,X,(k
+ 1))) is
STAR by
A11,
A32,
A34,
Th29;
then
A35: (F
.: (
^^ (X1,X,(k
+ 1)))) is
STAR by
A3,
A4,
A13,
Th23;
(
meet (
^^ (X1,X,(k
+ 1))))
= X1 by
A11,
A32,
A34,
A29,
Th30;
hence thesis by
A11,
A21,
A25,
A32,
A33,
A26,
A27,
A35,
A31,
A30,
Th6,
Th28;
end;
take H =
IncProjMap (# Hp, Hl #);
A36: (
dom the
point-map of F)
= the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
A37: H is
incidence_preserving
proof
let A1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
let L1 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X));
A38:
P[A1, (Hp
. A1)] by
A9;
L1
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A39: ex l1 be
Subset of X st l1
= L1 & (
card l1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A10;
A1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
consider a1 be
Subset of X such that
A40: a1
= A1 and
A41: (
card a1)
= k by
A6;
consider L11 be
POINT of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) such that
A42: L11
= L1 by
A10,
A12;
reconsider a1 as
finite
Subset of X by
A41;
A43: (
card a1)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A41;
A44: (H
. A1)
on (H
. L1) implies A1
on L1
proof
(F
" (F
.: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1)))))
c= (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1))) & (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1)))
c= (F
" (F
.: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1))))) by
A21,
A36,
FUNCT_1: 76,
FUNCT_1: 82;
then
A45: (F
" (F
.: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1)))))
= (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1))) by
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
(H
. L1)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A46: ex hl1 be
Subset of X st hl1
= (H
. L1) & (
card hl1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A10;
(
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1))) is
STAR by
A11,
A43,
Th29;
then (F
.: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1)))) is
STAR by
A3,
A4,
A13,
Th23;
then
consider S be
Subset of X such that
A47: (
card S)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) and
A48: (F
.: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1))))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= (k
+ 1) & S
c= A };
(H
. A1)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
consider ha1 be
Subset of X such that
A49: ha1
= (H
. A1) and
A50: (
card ha1)
= k by
A6;
reconsider ha1, S as
finite
Subset of X by
A50,
A47;
A51: (
^^ (ha1,X,(k
+ 1)))
= (
^^ (ha1,X)) by
A11,
A50,
A47,
Def13;
assume (H
. A1)
on (H
. L1);
then (H
. A1)
c= (H
. L1) by
A1,
A5,
Th10;
then (F
. L11)
in (
^^ (ha1,X,(k
+ 1))) by
A42,
A49,
A50,
A46,
A51;
then L1
in (F
" (
^^ (ha1,X,(k
+ 1)))) by
A36,
A42,
FUNCT_1:def 7;
then
A52: (
meet (F
" (
^^ (ha1,X,(k
+ 1)))))
c= L1 by
SETFAM_1: 3;
(
^^ (S,X,(k
+ 1)))
= (
^^ (S,X)) by
A11,
A47,
Def13;
then
A53: S
= (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1))))) by
A11,
A47,
A48,
Th30;
(
meet (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1))))
= a1 by
A11,
A41,
A47,
Th30;
hence thesis by
A1,
A5,
A40,
A38,
A49,
A50,
A48,
A51,
A53,
A52,
A45,
Th10;
end;
A54: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1)))
= (
^^ (a1,X)) by
A11,
A43,
Def13;
A1
on L1 implies (H
. A1)
on (H
. L1)
proof
assume A1
on L1;
then A1
c= L1 by
A1,
A5,
Th10;
then L1
in (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1))) by
A40,
A41,
A39,
A54;
then (F
. L11)
in (F
.: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1)))) by
A36,
A42,
FUNCT_1:def 6;
then (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (a1,X,(k
+ 1)))))
c= (F
. L11) by
SETFAM_1: 3;
hence thesis by
A1,
A5,
A40,
A42,
A38,
Th10;
end;
hence thesis by
A44;
end;
A55: (
rng the
point-map of F)
= the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) by
A21,
FUNCT_2:def 3;
for y be
object st y
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds ex x be
object st x
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) & y
= (Hp
. x)
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A56: ex Y1 be
Subset of X st y
= Y1 & (
card Y1)
= k by
A6;
then
reconsider y as
finite
Subset of X;
A57: (
card y)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) by
A56;
then (
^^ (y,X,(k
+ 1))) is
STAR by
A11,
Th29;
then (F
" (
^^ (y,X,(k
+ 1)))) is
STAR by
A3,
A4,
A13,
Th23;
then
consider S be
Subset of X such that
A58: (
card S)
= ((k
+ 1)
- 1) and
A59: (F
" (
^^ (y,X,(k
+ 1))))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= (k
+ 1) & S
c= A };
A60: S
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A6,
A58;
reconsider S as
finite
Subset of X by
A58;
A61:
P[S, (Hp
. S)] by
A9,
A60;
(
^^ (S,X,(k
+ 1)))
= (
^^ (S,X)) by
A11,
A58,
Def13;
then (Hp
. S)
= (
meet (
^^ (y,X,(k
+ 1)))) by
A55,
A58,
A59,
A61,
FUNCT_1: 77;
then y
= (Hp
. S) by
A11,
A57,
Th30;
hence thesis by
A60;
end;
then (
rng Hp)
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 10;
then
A62: Hp is
onto by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
A63: for A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)), B be
finite
set st B
= A holds (Hp
. A)
= (
meet (F
.: (
^^ (B,X,(k
+ 1)))))
proof
let A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
A64:
P[A, (Hp
. A)] by
A9;
let B be
finite
set;
assume A
= B;
hence thesis by
A64;
end;
the
line-map of H is
bijective by
A3,
A10,
A12;
hence thesis by
A63,
A22,
A62,
A37;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:32
Th32: for k be
Nat holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 3)
c= (
card X) holds for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)), (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) st F is
automorphism holds for H be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) st the
line-map of H
= the
point-map of F holds for f be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of H
= (
incprojmap (k,f)) holds the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f))
proof
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1:
0
< k and
A2: (k
+ 3)
c= (
card X);
(k
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 3) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then (
Segm (k
+ 1))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 3)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A3: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) by
A2;
then
A4: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
Def1;
(k
+ 2)
<= (k
+ 3) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then (
Segm (k
+ 2))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 3)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A5: ((k
+ 1)
+ 1)
c= (
card X) by
A2;
then
A6: the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= (k
+ 1) } by
Def1;
(k
+
0 )
<= (k
+ 1) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then
A7: (
Segm k)
c= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 39;
(k
+ 1)
<= (k
+ 2) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then
A8: (
Segm (k
+ 1))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 2)) by
NAT_1: 39;
let F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)), (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) such that
A9: F is
automorphism;
A10: F is
incidence_preserving by
A9;
let H be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A11: the
line-map of H
= the
point-map of F;
A12: (
dom the
point-map of F)
= the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
let f be
Permutation of X such that
A13: the IncProjMap of H
= (
incprojmap (k,f));
A14: for x be
object st x
in (
dom the
point-map of F) holds (the
point-map of F
. x)
= (the
point-map of (
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f))
. x)
proof
let x be
object;
assume x
in (
dom the
point-map of F);
then
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) such that
A15: x
= A;
consider A1 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A16: x
= A1 by
A4,
A6,
A15;
((
incprojmap (k,f))
. A1)
= (f
.: A1) by
A1,
A3,
Def14;
then (F
. A)
= ((
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f))
. A) by
A11,
A13,
A5,
A15,
A16,
Def14;
hence thesis by
A15;
end;
A17: the
Lines of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= ((k
+ 1)
+ 1) } by
A5,
Def1;
A18: the
point-map of F is
bijective by
A9;
A19: for x be
object st x
in (
dom the
line-map of F) holds (the
line-map of F
. x)
= (the
line-map of (
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f))
. x)
proof
let x be
object;
assume x
in (
dom the
line-map of F);
then
consider A be
LINE of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) such that
A20: x
= A;
reconsider x as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
x
in the
Lines of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) by
A20;
then
A21: ex A11 be
Subset of X st x
= A11 & (
card A11)
= ((k
+ 1)
+ 1) by
A17;
then
consider B1 be
set such that
A22: B1
c= x and
A23: (
card B1)
= (k
+ 1) by
A8,
CARD_FIL: 36;
A24: x is
finite by
A21;
then
A25: (
card (x
\ B1))
= ((k
+ 2)
- (k
+ 1)) by
A21,
A22,
A23,
CARD_2: 44;
B1
c= X by
A21,
A22,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then B1
in the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) by
A6,
A23;
then
consider b1 be
POINT of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) such that
A26: b1
= B1;
consider C1 be
set such that
A27: C1
c= B1 and
A28: (
card C1)
= k by
A7,
A23,
CARD_FIL: 36;
B1 is
finite by
A23;
then
A29: (
card (C1
\/ (x
\ B1)))
= (k
+ 1) by
A27,
A28,
A24,
A25,
CARD_2: 40,
XBOOLE_1: 85;
C1
c= x by
A22,
A27;
then
A30: (C1
\/ (x
\ B1))
c= x by
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (C1
\/ (x
\ B1))
c= X by
A21,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
then (C1
\/ (x
\ B1))
in the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) by
A6,
A29;
then
consider b2 be
POINT of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) such that
A31: b2
= (C1
\/ (x
\ B1));
b2
on A by
A5,
A20,
A30,
A31,
Th10;
then (F
. b2)
on (F
. A) by
A10;
then
A32: (F
. b2)
c= (F
. A) by
A5,
Th10;
(B1
\/ (C1
\/ (x
\ B1)))
c= x by
A22,
A30,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then
A33: (
card (b1
\/ b2))
c= (k
+ 2) by
A21,
A26,
A31,
CARD_1: 11;
B1
misses (x
\ B1) by
XBOOLE_1: 79;
then (
card ((x
\ B1)
/\ B1))
=
0 by
CARD_1: 27,
XBOOLE_0:def 7;
then
A34: b1
<> b2 by
A25,
A26,
A31,
XBOOLE_1: 11,
XBOOLE_1: 28;
then ((k
+ 1)
+ 1)
c= (
card (b1
\/ b2)) by
A23,
A29,
A26,
A31,
Th1;
then (
card (b1
\/ b2))
= (k
+ 2) by
A33,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A35: (b1
\/ b2)
= x by
A21,
A22,
A24,
A30,
A26,
A31,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
(F
. b2)
in the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X));
then
A36: ex B12 be
Subset of X st (F
. b2)
= B12 & (
card B12)
= (k
+ 1) by
A6;
(F
. b1)
in the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X));
then
A37: ex B11 be
Subset of X st (F
. b1)
= B11 & (
card B11)
= (k
+ 1) by
A6;
(F
. A)
in the
Lines of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X));
then
A38: ex L1 be
Subset of X st (F
. A)
= L1 & (
card L1)
= ((k
+ 1)
+ 1) by
A17;
then
A39: (F
. A) is
finite;
(F
. b1)
<> (F
. b2) by
A18,
A12,
A34,
FUNCT_1:def 4;
then
A40: ((k
+ 1)
+ 1)
c= (
card ((F
. b1)
\/ (F
. b2))) by
A37,
A36,
Th1;
b1
on A by
A5,
A20,
A22,
A26,
Th10;
then (F
. b1)
on (F
. A) by
A10;
then
A41: (F
. b1)
c= (F
. A) by
A5,
Th10;
then ((F
. b1)
\/ (F
. b2))
c= (F
. A) by
A32,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
then (
card ((F
. b1)
\/ (F
. b2)))
c= (k
+ 2) by
A38,
CARD_1: 11;
then (
card ((F
. b1)
\/ (F
. b2)))
= (k
+ 2) by
A40,
XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then
A42: ((F
. b1)
\/ (F
. b2))
= (F
. A) by
A41,
A32,
A38,
A39,
CARD_2: 102,
XBOOLE_1: 8;
A43: ((
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f))
. A)
= (f
.: x) by
A5,
A20,
Def14;
A44: ((f
.: b1)
\/ (f
.: b2))
= (f
.: (b1
\/ b2)) & (F
. b2)
= ((
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f))
. b2) by
A12,
A14,
RELAT_1: 120;
(F
. b1)
= ((
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f))
. b1) & ((
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f))
. b1)
= (f
.: b1) by
A5,
A12,
A14,
Def14;
hence thesis by
A5,
A20,
A35,
A42,
A43,
A44,
Def14;
end;
A45: (
dom the
line-map of F)
= the
Lines of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) & (
dom the
line-map of (
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f)))
= the
Lines of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
(
dom the
point-map of (
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f)))
= the
Points of (
G_ ((k
+ 1),X)) by
FUNCT_2: 52;
then the
point-map of F
= the
point-map of (
incprojmap ((k
+ 1),f)) by
A12,
A14;
hence thesis by
A45,
A19,
FUNCT_1:def 11;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:33
Th33: for k be
Nat holds for X be non
empty
set st 2
<= k & (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X) holds for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) st F is
automorphism holds ex s be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,s))
proof
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1: 2
<= k and
A2: (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X);
defpred
P[
Nat] means 1
<= $1 & $1
<= k implies for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ ($1,X)), (
G_ ($1,X)) st F is
automorphism holds ex f be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap ($1,f));
A3: for i be
Nat st
P[i] holds
P[(i
+ 1)]
proof
let i be
Nat such that
A4:
P[i];
1
<= (i
+ 1) & (i
+ 1)
<= k implies for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ ((i
+ 1),X)), (
G_ ((i
+ 1),X)) st F is
automorphism holds ex f be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap ((i
+ 1),f))
proof
assume that 1
<= (i
+ 1) and
A5: (i
+ 1)
<= k;
let F2 be
IncProjMap over (
G_ ((i
+ 1),X)), (
G_ ((i
+ 1),X)) such that
A6: F2 is
automorphism;
((i
+ 1)
+ 2)
<= (k
+ 2) by
A5,
XREAL_1: 7;
then
A7: (
Segm (i
+ 3))
c= (
Segm (k
+ 2)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A8: (i
+ 3)
c= (
card X) by
A2;
A9: i
=
0 implies ex f be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F2
= (
incprojmap ((i
+ 1),f))
proof
(i
+ 2)
<= (i
+ 3) by
XREAL_1: 7;
then (
Segm (i
+ 2))
c= (
Segm (i
+ 3)) by
NAT_1: 39;
then
A10: ((i
+ 1)
+ 1)
c= (
card X) by
A8;
assume i
=
0 ;
hence thesis by
A6,
A10,
Th24;
end;
0
< i implies ex f be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F2
= (
incprojmap ((i
+ 1),f))
proof
assume
A11:
0
< i;
then
consider F1 be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (i,X)), (
G_ (i,X)) such that
A12: F1 is
automorphism and
A13: the
line-map of F1
= the
point-map of F2 and for A be
POINT of (
G_ (i,X)), B be
finite
set st B
= A holds (F1
. A)
= (
meet (F2
.: (
^^ (B,X,(i
+ 1))))) by
A2,
A6,
A7,
Th31,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
(
0
+ 1)
< (i
+ 1) by
A11,
XREAL_1: 8;
then
consider f be
Permutation of X such that
A14: the IncProjMap of F1
= (
incprojmap (i,f)) by
A4,
A5,
A12,
NAT_1: 13;
the IncProjMap of F2
= (
incprojmap ((i
+ 1),f)) by
A2,
A6,
A7,
A11,
A13,
A14,
Th32,
XBOOLE_1: 1;
hence thesis;
end;
hence thesis by
A9;
end;
hence thesis;
end;
A15:
P[
0 ];
for i be
Nat holds
P[i] from
NAT_1:sch 2(
A15,
A3);
then
A16:
P[k];
let F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X));
assume F is
automorphism;
hence thesis by
A1,
A16,
XXREAL_0: 2;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:34
Th34: for k be
Nat holds for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for s be
Permutation of X holds (
incprojmap (k,s)) is
automorphism
proof
let k be
Nat;
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1:
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
let s be
Permutation of X;
A2: the
Points of (
G_ (k,X))
= { A where A be
Subset of X : (
card A)
= k } by
A1,
Def1;
A3: the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,s)) is
one-to-one
proof
let x1,x2 be
object;
assume that
A4: x1
in (
dom the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))) and
A5: x2
in (
dom the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))) and
A6: (the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))
. x1)
= (the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))
. x2);
consider X1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A7: X1
= x1 by
A4;
x1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A4;
then
A8: ex X11 be
Subset of X st X11
= x1 & (
card X11)
= k by
A2;
consider X2 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A9: X2
= x2 by
A5;
x2
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A5;
then
A10: ex X12 be
Subset of X st X12
= x2 & (
card X12)
= k by
A2;
A11: ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. X2)
= (s
.: X2) by
A1,
Def14;
((
incprojmap (k,s))
. X1)
= (s
.: X1) by
A1,
Def14;
hence thesis by
A6,
A7,
A9,
A8,
A10,
A11,
Th6;
end;
for y be
object st y
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) holds ex x be
object st x
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) & y
= (the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))
. x)
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A12: ex B be
Subset of X st B
= y & (
card B)
= k by
A2;
reconsider y as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
A13: (s
" y)
c= (
dom s) by
RELAT_1: 132;
then
A14: (s
" y)
c= X by
FUNCT_2: 52;
(
rng s)
= X by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
then
A15: (s
.: (s
" y))
= y by
A12,
FUNCT_1: 77;
then (
card (s
" y))
= k by
A12,
A13,
Th4;
then (s
" y)
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A2,
A14;
then
consider A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A16: A
= (s
" y);
y
= ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. A) by
A1,
A15,
A16,
Def14;
hence thesis;
end;
then (
rng the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,s)))
= the
Points of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 10;
then
A17: the
point-map of (
incprojmap (k,s)) is
onto by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
A18: the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X))
= { L where L be
Subset of X : (
card L)
= (k
+ 1) } by
A1,
Def1;
for y be
object st y
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) holds ex x be
object st x
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) & y
= (the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))
. x)
proof
let y be
object;
assume y
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A19: ex B be
Subset of X st B
= y & (
card B)
= (k
+ 1) by
A18;
reconsider y as
set by
TARSKI: 1;
A20: (s
" y)
c= (
dom s) by
RELAT_1: 132;
then
A21: (s
" y)
c= X by
FUNCT_2: 52;
(
rng s)
= X by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
then
A22: (s
.: (s
" y))
= y by
A19,
FUNCT_1: 77;
then (
card (s
" y))
= (k
+ 1) by
A19,
A20,
Th4;
then (s
" y)
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A18,
A21;
then
consider A be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A23: A
= (s
" y);
y
= ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. A) by
A1,
A22,
A23,
Def14;
hence thesis;
end;
then (
rng the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,s)))
= the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
FUNCT_2: 10;
then
A24: the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,s)) is
onto by
FUNCT_2:def 3;
A25: (
dom s)
= X by
FUNCT_2: 52;
A26: (
incprojmap (k,s)) is
incidence_preserving
proof
let A1 be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
let L1 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X));
A27: (s
.: A1)
= ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. A1) & (s
.: L1)
= ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. L1) by
A1,
Def14;
A1
in the
Points of (
G_ (k,X));
then
A28: ex a1 be
Subset of X st A1
= a1 & (
card a1)
= k by
A2;
A29: ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. A1)
on ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. L1) implies A1
on L1
proof
assume ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. A1)
on ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. L1);
then (s
.: A1)
c= (s
.: L1) by
A1,
A27,
Th10;
then A1
c= L1 by
A25,
A28,
FUNCT_1: 87;
hence thesis by
A1,
Th10;
end;
A1
on L1 implies ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. A1)
on ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. L1)
proof
assume A1
on L1;
then A1
c= L1 by
A1,
Th10;
then (s
.: A1)
c= (s
.: L1) by
RELAT_1: 123;
hence thesis by
A1,
A27,
Th10;
end;
hence thesis by
A29;
end;
the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,s)) is
one-to-one
proof
let x1,x2 be
object;
assume that
A30: x1
in (
dom the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))) and
A31: x2
in (
dom the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))) and
A32: (the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))
. x1)
= (the
line-map of (
incprojmap (k,s))
. x2);
consider X1 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A33: X1
= x1 by
A30;
x1
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A30;
then
A34: ex X11 be
Subset of X st X11
= x1 & (
card X11)
= (k
+ 1) by
A18;
consider X2 be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X)) such that
A35: X2
= x2 by
A31;
x2
in the
Lines of (
G_ (k,X)) by
A31;
then
A36: ex X12 be
Subset of X st X12
= x2 & (
card X12)
= (k
+ 1) by
A18;
A37: ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. X2)
= (s
.: X2) by
A1,
Def14;
((
incprojmap (k,s))
. X1)
= (s
.: X1) by
A1,
Def14;
hence thesis by
A32,
A33,
A35,
A34,
A36,
A37,
Th6;
end;
hence thesis by
A24,
A3,
A17,
A26;
end;
theorem ::
COMBGRAS:35
for X be non
empty
set st
0
< k & (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X) holds for F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X)) holds F is
automorphism iff ex s be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,s))
proof
let X be non
empty
set such that
A1:
0
< k and
A2: (k
+ 1)
c= (
card X);
let F be
IncProjMap over (
G_ (k,X)), (
G_ (k,X));
A3: F is
automorphism implies ex s be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,s))
proof
A4: (
card k)
= k & (
succ 1)
= (1
+ 1);
A5: (
card (k
+ 1))
= (k
+ 1);
(k
+ 1)
in (
succ (
card X)) by
A2,
ORDINAL1: 22;
then
A6: (k
+ 1)
= (
card X) or (k
+ 1)
in (
card X) by
ORDINAL1: 8;
A7: (
card 1)
= 1;
(
0
+ 1)
< (k
+ 1) & (
succ (
Segm k))
= (
Segm (k
+ 1)) by
A1,
NAT_1: 38,
XREAL_1: 8;
then (
Segm 1)
in (
succ (
Segm k)) by
A7,
A5,
NAT_1: 41;
then 1
= k or (
Segm 1)
in (
Segm k) by
ORDINAL1: 8;
then
A8: 1
= k or 1
< k & (
Segm 2)
c= (
Segm k) by
A7,
A4,
NAT_1: 41,
ORDINAL1: 21;
assume
A9: F is
automorphism;
(
succ (
Segm (k
+ 1)))
= (
Segm ((k
+ 1)
+ 1)) by
NAT_1: 38;
then 1
= k or 1
< k & (
card X)
= (k
+ 1) or 2
<= k & (k
+ 2)
c= (
card X) by
A6,
A8,
NAT_1: 39,
ORDINAL1: 21;
hence thesis by
A2,
A9,
Th24,
Th25,
Th33;
end;
(ex s be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,s))) implies F is
automorphism
proof
assume ex s be
Permutation of X st the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,s));
then
consider s be
Permutation of X such that
A10: the IncProjMap of F
= (
incprojmap (k,s));
A11: (
incprojmap (k,s)) is
automorphism by
A1,
A2,
Th34;
then
A12: (
incprojmap (k,s)) is
incidence_preserving;
A13: F is
incidence_preserving
proof
let A be
POINT of (
G_ (k,X));
let L be
LINE of (
G_ (k,X));
(F
. A)
= ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. A) & (F
. L)
= ((
incprojmap (k,s))
. L) by
A10;
hence thesis by
A12;
end;
the
line-map of F is
bijective & the
point-map of F is
bijective by
A10,
A11;
hence thesis by
A13;
end;
hence thesis by
A3;
end;